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TAK94 - Spectral evolution of the H2O maser in late-type stars

Short title: Takaba et al. (1994)
Authors: Takaba, Hiroshi Ukita, Nobuharu Miyaji, Takeshi Miyoshi, Makoto
Journal: PASJ: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (ISSN 0004-6264), vol. 46, no. 6, p. 629-642
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Target type: star
Observations category: star.general

Abstract
We have carried out almost simultaneous observations of H2O and SiO (J = 1-0, v = 1) masers for 171 known late-type maser stars with the 34 m radio telescope at Kashima. We found a systematic change in the H2O maser spectra related to the evolution of the stars. Typically, H2O maser spectral profiles are singly peaked in Mira variables, but doubly peaked in IRC/AFGL objects and OH/IR stars. The expansion velocity of H2O masers increases with decreasing IRAS color temperature. This is explained by the shock excitation model proposed by Cooke and Elitzur (1985). The blue shifted peak in the profiles is more prominent than the red shifted peak in most of the IRC/AFGL objects and OH/IR stars. A blocking model of the redshifted peak is introduced.

Abstract

We have carried out almost simultaneous observations of H2O and SiO (J = 1-0, v = 1) masers for 171 known late-type maser stars with the 34 m radio telescope at Kashima. We found a systematic change in the H2O maser spectra related to the evolution of the stars. Typically, H2O maser spectral profiles are singly peaked in Mira variables, but doubly peaked in IRC/AFGL objects and OH/IR stars. The expansion velocity of H2O masers increases with decreasing IRAS color temperature. This is explained by the shock excitation model proposed by Cooke and Elitzur (1985). The blue shifted peak in the profiles is more prominent than the red shifted peak in most of the IRC/AFGL objects and OH/IR stars. A blocking model of the redshifted peak is introduced.

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Detection table from Takaba et al. (1994)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	Source name	Line	V_peak	F_peak	List	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Ref.
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)			H₂O	(km/s)	(Jy)		Yes/No		(kpc)
1	00 03 19.6	+55 41 03	116.1406	-6.5519	G116.144-6.556	Y Cas	22 GHz;	-18.4	4.6	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
2	00 07 35.8	-25 29 36.4	39.9153	-80.0436	G39.912-80.045	SY Scl	22 GHz;	21.5	5.8	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
3	00 36 58.9	+63 08 00	121.2996	0.3074	G121.301+0.308	TY Cas	22 GHz;	-59.5	3.7	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
4	00 45 59.3	+69 11 23.2	122.4450	6.3232	G122.446+6.315	V524 Cas	22 GHz;	-26.4	2.9	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
5	01 06 25.8	+12 35 46.9	128.6410	-50.1091	G128.642-50.107	WX Psc	22 GHz;	8.3	13.8	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
6	02 22 51.7	+58 35 12.2	134.6205	-2.1949	G134.621-2.195	S Per	22 GHz;	-37.6	33.9	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	UNK		TAK94
7	02 44 45.1	+12 19 08	161.4709	-41.9191	G161.474-41.919	RU Ari	22 GHz;	19.4	4	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
8	02 48 19.6	+17 30 33.8	158.6590	-37.1243	G158.660-37.123	T Ari	22 GHz;	-4.3	2	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -OH -SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
9	03 53 28.6	+11 24 22.6	177.9538	-31.4125	G177.955-31.412	NML Tau	22 GHz;	33.7	63.3	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
10	04 11 31.8	-25 08 1.2	222.1657	-45.3435	G222.165-45.346	W Eri	22 GHz;	-0.4	19.6	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
11	05 04 50.8	-21 54 15.7	222.6670	-32.7148	G222.667-32.715	T Lep	22 GHz;	-27.4	4.2	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
12	05 11 19.4	+52 52 32.8	156.4378	7.8348	G156.438+7.835	IRC+50137	22 GHz;	3.2	1.6	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
13	05 19 48.9	+63 15 59	148.2804	14.5614	G148.285+14.565	IRC+60154	22 GHz;	52.3	6.8	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
14	05 38 54	-14 02 10.9	217.7783	-22.2920	G217.780-22.299	RW Lep	22 GHz;	-60.2	2.2	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
15	05 46 52.4	+69 58 3.6	143.4428	20.0989	G143.432+20.091	IRC+70066	22 GHz;	-10.2	21.5	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
16	05 47 27.8	+27 07 33.6	181.7582	-0.5924	G181.755-0.579	AW Tau	22 GHz;	-11.7	15.7	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
17	05 55 49.2	+20 10 30.8	188.7152	-2.4919	G188.715-2.492	U Ori	22 GHz;	-37.5	26.5	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
18	06 34 33.4	+60 56 33.3	154.3081	21.5172	G154.310+21.517	IRC+60169	22 GHz;	-27.2	116	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
19	06 37 31.1	-01 23 19.8	212.5818	-3.7301	G212.588-3.732	SY Mon	22 GHz;	-56.9	7.3	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
20	06 40 46.3	+59 52 0.3	155.6570	21.9362	G155.657+21.937	U Lyn	22 GHz;	-14.4	3.8	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
21	07 07 47.6	-10 44 17.2	224.3412	-1.2956	G224.342-1.288	IRC-10151	22 GHz;	50.1	6.7	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
22	07 22 58.1	-25 46 3.2	239.3523	-5.0660	G239.352-5.065	VY CMa	22 GHz;	16.9	1980	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
23	07 33 54	+30 30 39.2	188.7928	21.8855	G188.797+21.898	IRC+30187	22 GHz;	5.5	85	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -CH₃OH II -OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
24	08 16 33.8	+11 43 32.6	211.7499	24.1386	G211.749+24.139	R Cnc	22 GHz;	14.3	2.7	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
25	08 38 8.8	-10 24 13.8	235.3225	18.0988	G235.323+18.098	0H 235.3+18	22 GHz;	65.0	2.2	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
26	08 55 41.9	-19 13 13.5	245.4259	16.4713	G245.434+16.475	IRC-20176	22 GHz;	7.0	12.2	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -OH -SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
27	09 35 29.4	-14 41 28.1	248.1462	26.6988	G248.149+26.701	X Hya	22 GHz;	26.0	6	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
28	09 45 34.2	+34 30 43.4	190.5951	49.7707	G190.595+49.771	R LMi	22 GHz;	0.1	9.7	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
29	10 44 38.9	+68 46 32.2	138.3621	44.3619	G138.362+44.361	R UMa	22 GHz;	43.5	8.8	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
30	11 00 33.9	-18 19 28.1	269.2697	37.1963	G269.270+37.196	R Crt	22 GHz;	8.6	192	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
31	11 52 45.4	-07 35 47.3	278.5899	52.4797	G278.588+52.479	S Crt	22 GHz;	38.0	82.3	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -OH -SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
32	12 14 37.1	-06 02 10.3	286.5520	55.6602	G286.549+55.660	T Vir	22 GHz;	7.4	4.3	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
33	12 58 39.6	+23 08 25.3	325.6073	85.6904	G325.609+85.690	T Com	22 GHz;	26.7	6.9	ENG_H2O	+H₂O	EVOLVED		TAK94
34	14 27 16.4	+04 40 43.6	352.6748	57.9721	G352.674+57.971	RS Vir	22 GHz;	-14.9	54.3	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
35	15 21 39.5	+14 18 53.6	20.4983	52.7866	G20.498+52.787	S Ser	22 GHz;	21.9	17.5	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
36	15 21 23.6	+31 22 3.2	49.4727	57.1739	G49.473+57.174	S Crb	22 GHz;	1.0	21.9	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
37	15 27 47	+19 33 44.5	29.5117	53.4762	G29.515+53.477	WX Ser	22 GHz;	7.7	3.1	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
38	16 25 47.6	+18 53 31.2	35.3448	40.3502	G35.345+40.351	U Her	22 GHz;	-16.1	45.9	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
39	16 29 57.8	+72 16 49.7	105.0108	36.2381	G105.011+36.238	R UMi	22 GHz;	-8.2	5.3	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
40	16 52 47.6	+05 24 29.2	23.6899	28.7797	G23.691+28.777	RX Oph	22 GHz;	-48.6	9.2	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
41	17 06 9.7	-10 29 0.7	10.6735	17.7607	G10.677+17.757	V850 Oph	22 GHz;	1.3	2.5	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
42	17 07 16.6	+17 10 18.8	37.6934	30.5252	G37.696+30.522	VV Her	22 GHz;	-78.4	1.5	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
43	17 11 16.9	-32 19 30.9	353.0835	4.2710	G353.084+4.271	AH Sco	22 GHz;	-3.0	71	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +SiO	UNK		TAK94
44	17 14 19.4	+08 55 54.5	29.9418	25.6136	G29.944+25.615	IRC+10322	22 GHz;	12.6	8	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
45	17 25 36.3	+01 11 3.7	23.8716	19.5685	G23.873+19.568	IRAS 17230+0113	22 GHz;	-30.8	3.3	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
46	17 33 52.7	-17 26 19.3	8.3780	8.3512	G8.378+8.351	GL5353	22 GHz;	64.3	3.3	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
47	17 36 11.2	-33 29 41.1	355.0656	-0.7047	G355.066-0.705	GL5357	22 GHz;	-15.8	1.5	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -OH +SiO	UNK		TAK94
48	17 38 42.1	-31 57 28.1	356.6466	-0.3270	G356.646-0.321	IRC-30308	22 GHz;	1.9	15.2	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
49	17 40 52.7	-30 23 9.5	358.2252	0.1148	G358.235+0.115	OH 358.23+0.11	22 GHz;	-6.8	26.3	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
50	17 42 32.3	-30 05 42.3	358.6615	-0.0358	G358.667-0.044	OH 358.67-0.04	22 GHz;	-16.1	16.8	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
51	17 51 11.1	-08 01 26.5	18.7531	9.5194	G18.752+9.524	V2211 Oph	22 GHz;	-22.0	10.2	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
52	17 53 18.6	-26 56 37.1	2.5822	-0.4319	G2.583-0.432	OH 2.58-0.43	22 GHz;	-7.5	2.8	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
53	17 56 31.8	+11 10 9.7	36.9082	17.1887	G36.909+17.188	RT Oph	22 GHz;	-18.6	1.6	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
54	18 03 56.4	-20 19 1.3	9.5386	0.7685	G9.539+0.768	IRC-20424	22 GHz;	8.8	1.9	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
55	18 05 1.9	-28 01 54.9	2.9320	-3.2280	G2.932-3.228	V1804Sgr	22 GHz;	24.3	20.9	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
56	18 05 37.6	-21 13 41.9	8.9375	-0.0219	G8.934-0.015	IRC-20427	22 GHz;	8.1	19.2	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	UNK		TAK94
57	18 08 3.9	-22 13 27.3	8.3436	-1.0015	G8.344-1.002	VX Sgr	22 GHz;	-0.3	184	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	UNK		TAK94
58	18 09 24.3	+34 46 17.2	61.4720	23.1648	G61.473+23.164	IRAS 18076+3445	22 GHz;	12.8	3	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
59	18 16 24.7	-16 39 56.6	14.1637	-0.0556	G14.166-0.060	IRC-20454	22 GHz;	48.3	46.3	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
60	18 20 36.3	-18 47 7.4	12.7687	-1.9385	G12.769-1.941	OH 12.8-1.9	22 GHz;	10.3	29.5	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
61	18 23 17.9	-13 42 30.5	17.5551	-0.1241	G17.551-0.126	IRC-10414	22 GHz;	39.8	32.6	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
62	18 35 29.1	-07 13 8.3	24.6929	0.2355	G24.693+0.235	OH 24.7+0.2	22 GHz;	43.5	11.1	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	SFR_MIXED		TAK94
63	18 37 31.9	-05 23 58.4	26.5427	0.6199	G26.543+0.618	OH 26.5+0.5	22 GHz;	25.8	12.2	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
64	18 37 19.3	+10 25 42.4	40.6760	7.8405	G40.676+7.840	V1111 Oph	22 GHz;	-44.3	32.4	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
65	18 38 20.9	+08 50 1.7	39.3489	6.9052	G39.349+6.905	X Oph	22 GHz;	-56.0	4.1	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
66	18 41 12.9	-06 15 12.5	26.2036	-0.5856	G26.209-0.589	V438 Sct	22 GHz;	55.3	7.7	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
67	18 43 34.4	+13 57 34.4	44.5560	8.0266	G44.557+8.018	IRC+10374	22 GHz;	-14.8	5.1	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
68	18 58 30	+06 42 57.7	39.7129	1.4953	G39.713+1.495	OH 39.7+1.5	22 GHz;	25.7	4.9	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
69	19 06 22.2	+08 13 51.4	41.9531	0.4546	G41.952+0.454	R Aql	22 GHz;	47.6	19.5	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
70	19 38 1.1	+11 43 14.9	48.7069	-4.7764	G48.709-4.778	RT Aql	22 GHz;	-30.2	27.9	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
71	20 07 5.7	+12 57 7.3	53.3679	-10.3085	G53.367-10.308	SY Aql	22 GHz;	-47.6	41.8	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
72	20 14 54.8	+09 05 18	50.9984	-13.9478	G51.000-13.948	R Del	22 GHz;	-31.9	3.6	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
73	20 46 25.4	+40 06 59.3	80.7980	-1.9206	G80.798-1.921	NML Cyg	22 GHz;	5.0	38.3	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	UNK		TAK94
74	20 55 5.6	+30 24 49.9	74.3441	-9.4084	G74.344-9.408	UX Cyg	22 GHz;	-3.4	36.1	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
75	21 43 30.5	+58 46 50.2	100.5957	4.3153	G100.595+4.315	mu Cep	22 GHz;	25.8	2.7	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -OH +SiO	UNK		TAK94
76	21 45 4.3	+12 41 50.4	68.2059	-29.7631	G68.208-29.763	TU Peg	22 GHz;	10.5	29.9	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
77	22 05 41.9	+35 20 55.7	88.7150	-16.2849	G88.715-16.285	SV Peg	22 GHz;	7.4	14.2	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
78	22 19 26.7	+59 51 22.5	104.9070	2.4146	G104.908+2.413	0H 104.91+2	22 GHz;	-38.4	3.1	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
79	22 54 10.7	+08 53 53.4	80.5713	-44.1188	G80.578-44.117	IRC+10523	22 GHz;	-2.5	13.8	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
80	22 54 30.7	+60 49 18.2	109.1559	1.1164	G109.160+1.121	MY Cep	22 GHz;	-54.3	12.5	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
81	22 57 41.7	+58 49 16	108.6586	-0.8623	G108.657-0.862	V627 Cas	22 GHz;	-49.8	11.3	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
82	23 06 38.8	+10 32 37.7	85.4059	-44.5588	G85.407-44.560	R Peg	22 GHz;	21.8	17.6	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
83	23 20 37	+39 37 14.4	104.4891	-19.9764	G104.490-19.977	RY And	22 GHz;	0.5	3.7	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -CH₃OH II +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94
84	23 44 3.4	+61 47 21.2	115.0584	-0.0481	G115.059-0.048	PZ Cas	22 GHz;	-41.8	5.8	ENG_H2O	+H₂O -CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	UNK		TAK94
85	23 58 24.2	+51 23 18.3	114.5591	-10.6191	G114.561-10.619	R Cas	22 GHz;	26.1	5.5	ENG_H2O	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		TAK94

Non-detection table from Takaba et al. (1994)