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CAS95C - Galactic methanol masers at 6.6 GHz

Short title: Caswell et al. (1995C)
Authors: Caswell, J. L. Vaile, R. A. Ellingsen, S. P. Whiteoak, J. B. Norris, R. P.
Journal: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 272, Issue 1, pp. 96-138.
Bibcode:

Target type: OH
Transitions: CH3OH_6(II),CH3OH_12(II)

Abstract
We have searched for 6.6-GHz methanol maser emission from the directions of more than 200 OH masers, together with a number of other sites of star formation. We have also observed previously reported methanol masers south of declination 24 deg. Where we detected methanol emission, we measured its position and have found more than 40 instances of small clusters of sources. We present observations of a total of 245 methanol masers with peak intensities ranging from 0.3 to 5000 Jy. For a typical source, the velocity range of the emission is quite large - commonly 10 km s^-1 and, in a few instances, exceeding 20 km s^-1. Some of the largest velocity ranges are suggestive of emission from an outflow region as well as a central source. Our observtions over several epochs show that many sources possess at least some features whose intensity varies on a time-scale of several months. Towards most of the 6.6-GHz masers we have searched for 12-GHz methanol maser emission, and have made 131 detections the median ratio of 12-to 6.6-GHz intensity if 0.11. We discuss the general properties of this large sample of 6.6-GHz methanol masers. They appear to be more prevalent than OH masers, with intensities typically seven times higher, and are thus excellent tracers of compact H II regions and sites of recent star formation.

Abstract

We have searched for 6.6-GHz methanol maser emission from the directions of more than 200 OH masers, together with a number of other sites of star formation. We have also observed previously reported methanol masers south of declination 24 deg. Where we detected methanol emission, we measured its position and have found more than 40 instances of small clusters of sources. We present observations of a total of 245 methanol masers with peak intensities ranging from 0.3 to 5000 Jy. For a typical source, the velocity range of the emission is quite large - commonly 10 km s^-1 and, in a few instances, exceeding 20 km s^-1. Some of the largest velocity ranges are suggestive of emission from an outflow region as well as a central source. Our observtions over several epochs show that many sources possess at least some features whose intensity varies on a time-scale of several months. Towards most of the 6.6-GHz masers we have searched for 12-GHz methanol maser emission, and have made 131 detections the median ratio of 12-to 6.6-GHz intensity if 0.11. We discuss the general properties of this large sample of 6.6-GHz methanol masers. They appear to be more prevalent than OH masers, with intensities typically seven times higher, and are thus excellent tracers of compact H II regions and sites of recent star formation.

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Detection table from Caswell et al. (1995C)

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DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	GLIMPSE 360
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(met2_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(met2_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(met2_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(met2_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(met2_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(met2_data_all.l) as l,MAX(met2_data_all.b) as b,MAX(met2_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(met2_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(met2_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(met2_data_all.line) as line,MAX(met2_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(met2_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(met2_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(met2_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(met2_data_all.int) as int,MAX(met2_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(met2_data_all.units) as units,MAX(met2_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(met2_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(met2_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(met2_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(met2_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(met2_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(met2_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(met2_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(met2_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(met2_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(met2_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(met2_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(met2_data_all.url) as url,MAX(met2_data_all.image) as image,MAX(met2_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(met2_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(met2_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(met2_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(met2_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(met2_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM met2_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON met2_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON met2_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'CAS95C' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select met2_data_all.ra_hms,met2_data_all.dec_dms,met2_data_all.source_name,met2_data_all.ra,met2_data_all.dec,met2_data_all.l,met2_data_all.b,met2_data_all.grp,met2_data_all.other_name,met2_data_all.other_desc,met2_data_all.thermal,met2_data_all.line,met2_data_all.vrange,met2_data_all.vpeak,met2_data_all.peak,met2_data_all.fwhm,met2_data_all.int,met2_data_all.rms,met2_data_all.units,met2_data_all.units_rms,met2_data_all.date_txt,met2_data_all.telescope_ref,met2_data_all.telescope_conf,met2_data_all.v_step,met2_data_all.beam,met2_data_all.beam_maj,met2_data_all.beam_min,met2_data_all.beam_pa,met2_data_all.ref,met2_data_all.list_ref,met2_data_all.ascii,met2_data_all.url,met2_data_all.image,met2_data_all.image2,met2_data_all.image3,met2_data_all.descr,met2_data_all.id,met2_data_all.mjy_flag,met2_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,met2_data_all.dist,met2_data_all.dist_parallax,met2_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM met2_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON met2_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON met2_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'CAS95C' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

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CAS95C - Galactic methanol masers at 6.6 GHz

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Detection table from Caswell et al. (1995C)