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• Target type: Galaxy_center,First_detection
  Transitions: CH3OH_36(I)
  

• Abstract

  We report the discovery of a widespread population of collisionally excited methanol J = 4-1 to 30 E sources at 36.2 GHz from the inner 66' × 18' (160 × 43 pc) of the Galactic center. This spectral feature was imaged with a spectral resolution of 16.6 km s-1 taken from 41 channels of a Very Large Array continuum survey of the Galactic center region. The revelation of 356 methanol sources, most of which are maser candidates, suggests a large abundance of methanol in the gas phase in the Galactic center region. There is also spatial and kinematic correlation between SiO (2-1) and CH3OH emission from four Galactic center clouds: the +50 and +20 km s-1 clouds and G0.13-0.13 and G0.25 + 0.01. The enhanced abundance of methanol is accounted for in terms of induced photodesorption by cosmic rays as they travel through a molecular core, collide, dissociate, ionize, and excite Lyman Werner transitions of H2. A time-dependent chemical model in which cosmic rays drive the chemistry of the gas predicts CH3OH abundance of 10-8 to 10-7 on a chemical timescale of 5 × 104 to 5 × 105 years. The average methanol abundance produced by the release of methanol from grain surfaces is consistent with the available data. eprintid: arXiv:1301.3101

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	grpv	Source name	Line	Thermal	Vpeak	Fpeak	Telescope	Beam	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)				CH3OH (class I)	line mark	(km/s)	(Jy)		(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	17 46 47.2	-28 25 15.9	0.5731	0.0492	G0.5731+0.0492	G0.5731+0.0492	1	36 GHz (I);	*	-33.2	7.32	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
2	17 46 50.1	-28 26 32	0.5604	0.0294	G0.5604+0.0294	G0.5604+0.0294	2	36 GHz (I);	*	49.7	3.74	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
3	17 47 18.9	-28 30 28.8	0.5588	-0.0949	G0.5588-0.0949	G0.5588-0.0949	3	36 GHz (I);	*	-16.6	2.00	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
4	17 47 22.6	-28 31 17.8	0.5543	-0.1137	G0.5543-0.1137	G0.5543-0.1137	4	36 GHz (I);	*	-16.6	2.63	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
5	17 46 45	-28 26 43.3	0.5482	0.0435	G0.5482+0.0435	G0.5482+0.0435	5	36 GHz (I);	*	49.7	6.57	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
6	17 46 59.9	-28 29 50.7	0.5318	-0.0300	G0.5318-0.0300	G0.5318-0.0300	6	36 GHz (I);	*	49.7	11.49	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
7	17 46 58	-28 29 37.7	0.5313	-0.0222	G0.5313-0.0222	G0.5313-0.0222	7	36 GHz (I);	*	33.2	5.67	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
8	17 46 58	-28 31 55.7	0.4987	-0.0422	G0.4987-0.0422	G0.4987-0.0422	8	36 GHz (I);	*	99.5	2.68	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
9	17 46 59.9	-28 34 44.6	0.4621	-0.0724	G0.4621-0.0724	G0.4621-0.0724	9	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	5.55	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
10	17 46 31.5	-28 33 8.5	0.4310	0.0302	G0.4310+0.0302	G0.4310+0.0302	10	36 GHz (I);	*	0.0	6.49	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
11	17 46 32.3	-28 33 17.8	0.4303	0.0264	G0.4291+0.0268	G0.4291+0.0268	11	36 GHz (I);	*	0.0	8.13	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	UNK		February 21 - March 10 2012
12	17 46 31.8	-28 33 24.1	0.4278	0.0272	G0.4291+0.0268	G0.4291+0.0268	12	36 GHz (I);	*	16.6	11.42	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	UNK		February 21 - March 10 2012
13	17 47 9.4	-28 38 26.8	0.4273	-0.1341	G0.4273-0.1341	G0.4273-0.1341	13	36 GHz (I);	*	-116.0	0.35	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
14	17 46 50.6	-28 36 37.4	0.4177	-0.0596	G0.4177-0.0596	G0.4177-0.0596	14	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	3.98	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
15	17 46 42.8	-28 35 59.8	0.4118	-0.0298	G0.4118-0.0298	G0.4044-0.0265	15	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	3.42	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
16	17 46 21.7	-28 33 41.4	0.4045	0.0563	G0.4053+0.0599	G0.4054+0.0597	16	36 GHz (I);	*	16.6	8.29	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
17	17 46 49.5	-28 40 54	0.3547	-0.0932	G0.3547-0.0932	G0.3547-0.0932	17	36 GHz (I);	*	99.5	2.87	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
18	17 46 50.9	-28 41 39.8	0.3464	-0.1042	G0.3464-0.1042	G0.3464-0.1042	18	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	7.97	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
19	17 46 30.1	-28 39 13.3	0.3417	-0.0179	G0.3417-0.0179	G0.3417-0.0179	19	36 GHz (I);	*	66.3	6.27	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
20	17 46 45.3	-28 41 32.5	0.3375	-0.0854	G0.3375-0.0854	G0.3375-0.0854	20	36 GHz (I);	*	99.5	2.50	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
21	17 46 26.2	-28 39 26.7	0.3311	-0.0076	G0.3300-0.0079	G0.3300-0.0079	21	36 GHz (I);	*	66.3	2.64	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
22	17 46 26	-28 39 34.1	0.3289	-0.0081	G0.3300-0.0079	G0.3300-0.0079	22	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	1.36	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
23	17 46 44.2	-28 42 48.2	0.3176	-0.0932	G0.3176-0.0932	G0.3206-0.1013	23	36 GHz (I);	*	49.7	1.13	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
24	17 46 48.2	-28 43 21.7	0.3172	-0.1105	G0.3172-0.1105	G0.3172-0.1105	24	36 GHz (I);	*	49.7	1.14	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
25	17 46 50.2	-28 43 56.1	0.3127	-0.1215	G0.3127-0.1215	G0.3127-0.1215	25	36 GHz (I);	*	49.7	4.42	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
26	17 46 39.7	-28 42 38.1	0.3113	-0.0775	G0.3113-0.0775	G0.3113-0.0775	26	36 GHz (I);	*	49.7	1.97	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
27	17 46 42.1	-28 43 16	0.3068	-0.0904	G0.3068-0.0904	G0.3068-0.0904	27	36 GHz (I);	*	49.7	4.17	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
28	17 46 39.5	-28 43 58.6	0.2918	-0.0884	G0.2918-0.0884	G0.2918-0.0884	28	36 GHz (I);	*	-82.9	2.17	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
29	17 46 9.4	-28 40 11.2	0.2887	0.0382	G0.2887+0.0382	G0.2887+0.0382	29	36 GHz (I);	*	0.0	13.81	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
30	17 46 10.4	-28 40 21.2	0.2883	0.0336	G0.2880+0.0327	G0.2880+0.0327	30	36 GHz (I);	*	0.0	3.90	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
31	17 46 12.2	-28 40 37.1	0.2879	0.0257	G0.2879+0.0257	G0.2879+0.0257	31	36 GHz (I);	*	0.0	9.46	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
32	17 46 10.8	-28 40 26.1	0.2878	0.0318	G0.2880+0.0327	G0.2880+0.0327	32	36 GHz (I);	*	0.0	6.13	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
33	17 46 15.5	-28 41 24.6	0.2828	0.0086	G0.2828+0.0086	G0.2828+0.0086	33	36 GHz (I);	*	116.0	3.58	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
34	17 46 5.9	-28 40 11.5	0.2820	0.0491	G0.2820+0.0491	G0.2820+0.0491	34	36 GHz (I);	*	116.0	1.37	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
35	17 46 4.3	-28 40 13.5	0.2785	0.0538	G0.2785+0.0538	G0.2785+0.0538	35	36 GHz (I);	*	0.0	5.77	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
36	17 46 08	-28 40 44.1	0.2782	0.0378	G0.2753+0.0359	G0.2682+0.0339	36	36 GHz (I);	*	0.0	7.63	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
37	17 46 7.8	-28 41 41.7	0.2641	0.0302	G0.2660+0.0321	G0.2682+0.0339	37	36 GHz (I);	*	0.0	35.72	NRAOVLA	1.8	-H2O +CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
38	17 46 6.6	-28 41 35.2	0.2633	0.0350	G0.2660+0.0321	G0.2682+0.0339	38	36 GHz (I);	*	33.2	17.44	NRAOVLA	1.8	-H2O +CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
39	17 46 28.8	-28 44 44.1	0.2608	-0.0617	G0.2608-0.0617	G0.2608-0.0617	39	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	5.56	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
40	17 46 4.5	-28 41 47.4	0.2566	0.0396	G0.2566+0.0396	G0.2566+0.0396	40	36 GHz (I);	*	16.6	9.54	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
41	17 46 8.4	-28 42 31.5	0.2534	0.0212	G0.2534+0.0207	G0.2534+0.0207	41	36 GHz (I);	*	33.2	21.70	NRAOVLA	1.8	+H2O +CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
42	17 46 09	-28 42 36.4	0.2534	0.0186	G0.2534+0.0207	G0.2534+0.0207	42	36 GHz (I);	*	33.2	20.38	NRAOVLA	1.8	+H2O +CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
43	17 46 10	-28 42 52.3	0.2516	0.0131	G0.2506+0.0130	G0.2506+0.0130	43	36 GHz (I);	*	16.6	20.04	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
44	17 46 11.8	-28 43 21	0.2483	0.0032	G0.2468+0.0030	G0.2392+0.0057	44	36 GHz (I);	*	16.6	15.15	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
45	17 46 11.7	-28 43 26.8	0.2465	0.0030	G0.2468+0.0030	G0.2392+0.0057	45	36 GHz (I);	*	33.2	6.82	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
46	17 46 24.4	-28 45 11.2	0.2459	-0.0518	G0.2459-0.0518	G0.2459-0.0518	46	36 GHz (I);	*	66.3	37.88	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
47	17 46 27.2	-28 45 52.7	0.2415	-0.0667	G0.2415-0.0667	G0.2415-0.0667	47	36 GHz (I);	*	66.3	1.36	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
48	17 46 10.6	-28 44 13.6	0.2334	-0.0005	G0.2376+0.0076	G0.2392+0.0057	48	36 GHz (I);	*	33.2	32.02	NRAOVLA	1.8	-H2O +CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
49	17 46 12.5	-28 44 38.7	0.2311	-0.0100	G0.2311-0.0100	G0.2311-0.0100	49	36 GHz (I);	*	33.2	24.26	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
50	17 46 4.5	-28 44 4.4	0.2240	0.0199	G0.2240+0.0199	G0.2240+0.0199	50	36 GHz (I);	*	16.6	2.53	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
51	17 46 11.5	-28 45 44.1	0.2136	-0.0163	G0.2136-0.0163	G0.2136-0.0163	51	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	5.03	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
52	17 46 16.3	-28 46 26.5	0.2127	-0.0374	G0.2127-0.0374	G0.2127-0.0374	52	36 GHz (I);	*	33.2	2.03	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
53	17 46 6.6	-28 45 27	0.2084	0.0014	G0.2118-0.0009	G0.2118-0.0009	53	36 GHz (I);	*	49.7	0.61	NRAOVLA	1.8	+H2O +CH3OH I +CH3OH II -OH	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
54	17 46 11.3	-28 46 18.7	0.2051	-0.0207	G0.2051-0.0207	G0.2051-0.0207	54	36 GHz (I);	*	33.2	6.15	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
55	17 45 56.5	-28 44 30.6	0.2026	0.0411	G0.2001+0.0406	G0.2001+0.0406	55	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	1.17	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
56	17 46 10.5	-28 46 28	0.2014	-0.0197	G0.2014-0.0197	G0.2014-0.0197	56	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	1.48	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
57	17 45 59.5	-28 45 1.5	0.2009	0.0274	G0.2009+0.0274	G0.2009+0.0274	57	36 GHz (I);	*	49.7	1.49	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	EVOLVED		February 21 - March 10 2012
58	17 46 14.7	-28 47 4.6	0.2006	-0.0378	G0.2017-0.0364	G0.2021-0.0333	58	36 GHz (I);	*	33.2	7.13	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
59	17 46 14	-28 47 14.9	0.1969	-0.0373	G0.1952-0.0385	G0.2021-0.0333	59	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	10.58	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
60	17 46 4.4	-28 46 1.6	0.1960	0.0033	G0.1960+0.0033	G0.1960+0.0033	60	36 GHz (I);	*	33.2	4.64	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
61	17 46 21	-28 48 29.2	0.1925	-0.0698	G0.1921-0.0675	G0.1921-0.0675	61	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	2.82	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
62	17 46 17.4	-28 48 0.7	0.1925	-0.0546	G0.1930-0.0554	G0.1900-0.0570	62	36 GHz (I);	*	16.6	3.29	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I -CH3OH II	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
63	17 46 17.7	-28 48 23.7	0.1875	-0.0586	G0.1900-0.0573	G0.1900-0.0570	63	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	1.07	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I -SiO	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
64	17 46 13.4	-28 47 58.5	0.1853	-0.0416	G0.1853-0.0416	G0.1853-0.0416	64	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	0.96	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
65	17 46 3.6	-28 46 41.4	0.1850	0.0001	G0.1850+0.0001	G0.1861-0.0007	65	36 GHz (I);	*	49.7	2.02	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
66	17 45 57.7	-28 46 2.7	0.1830	0.0240	G0.1834+0.0238	G0.1834+0.0238	66	36 GHz (I);	*	66.3	2.67	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	EVOLVED		February 21 - March 10 2012
67	17 46 19	-28 49 5.5	0.1801	-0.0688	G0.1786-0.0698	G0.1786-0.0698	67	36 GHz (I);	*	0.0	9.86	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
68	17 46 8.3	-28 47 42.1	0.1795	-0.0233	G0.1795-0.0233	G0.1767-0.0228	68	36 GHz (I);	*	-66.3	2.32	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
69	17 46 20.3	-28 50 34.8	0.1614	-0.0858	G0.1606-0.0856	G0.1606-0.0856	69	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	3.77	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
70	17 46 13.2	-28 49 39.4	0.1611	-0.0558	G0.1611-0.0558	G0.1611-0.0558	70	36 GHz (I);	*	16.6	3.52	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
71	17 45 51.3	-28 46 48.4	0.1601	0.0373	G0.1601+0.0373	G0.1601+0.0373	71	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	3.81	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	EVOLVED		February 21 - March 10 2012
72	17 46 20	-28 50 39	0.1597	-0.0853	G0.1606-0.0856	G0.1606-0.0856	72	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	3.66	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR		February 21 - March 10 2012
73	17 46 22.6	-28 51 12.3	0.1568	-0.0982	G0.1567-0.0982	G0.1567-0.0932	73	36 GHz (I);	*	66.3	2.31	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
74	17 46 22	-28 51 8.7	0.1565	-0.0959	G0.1567-0.0982	G0.1567-0.0932	74	36 GHz (I);	*	66.3	1.10	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
75	17 46 2.5	-28 48 34.3	0.1561	-0.0127	G0.1561-0.0128	G0.1561-0.0128	75	36 GHz (I);	*	82.9	1.48	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012
76	17 45 51.8	-28 47 15.5	0.1545	0.0319	G0.1545+0.0319	G0.1515+0.0312	76	36 GHz (I);	*	99.5	5.23	NRAOVLA	1.8	+CH3OH I	SFR_MIXED		February 21 - March 10 2012