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BAR89 - Single-Dish and Interferometer Measurements of Water-Maser Polarization

Short title: Barvainis & Deguchi (1989)
Authors: Barvainis, RichardDeguchi, Shuji
Journal: Astronomical Journal v.97, p.1089
Bibcode:

Target type: High_mass_SFR

Abstract
Linear polarization of water-maser emission at 22.235 GHz was measured for astronomical sources using a single-dish telescope (Haystack Observatory) and an interferometer (the VLA). Of the 25 star-forming regions observed using single-dish polarimetry, eight had linearly polarized features. None of the 17 stellar maser sources showed measurable (greater than a few percent) linear or circular polarization in the single-dish observations. No linear polarization stronger than 7% was detected from the galactic nucleus of NGC 3079. In current theories, the direction of linear polarization is predicted to be parallel or perpendicular to the projection of the magnetic field in protostellar clouds, and thus can potentially provide information on field configurations in these regions if high angular resolution can be achieved. We were successful in mapping the direction of polarization for a few water-maser spots toward Orion KL, Orion B, NGC 2071, and W51, using the VLA in continuum mode. We discuss these observations within the context of the theory of molecular alignment and maser beaming in magnetic fields.

Abstract

Linear polarization of water-maser emission at 22.235 GHz was measured for astronomical sources using a single-dish telescope (Haystack Observatory) and an interferometer (the VLA). Of the 25 star-forming regions observed using single-dish polarimetry, eight had linearly polarized features. None of the 17 stellar maser sources showed measurable (greater than a few percent) linear or circular polarization in the single-dish observations. No linear polarization stronger than 7% was detected from the galactic nucleus of NGC 3079. In current theories, the direction of linear polarization is predicted to be parallel or perpendicular to the projection of the magnetic field in protostellar clouds, and thus can potentially provide information on field configurations in these regions if high angular resolution can be achieved. We were successful in mapping the direction of polarization for a few water-maser spots toward Orion KL, Orion B, NGC 2071, and W51, using the VLA in continuum mode. We discuss these observations within the context of the theory of molecular alignment and maser beaming in magnetic fields.

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Detection table from Barvainis & Deguchi (1989)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	Source name	Image	Line	F_peak	Telescope	Beam	Detection	Type	Distance	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)				H₂O	(Jy)		(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)	(kpc)
1	02 19 20.7	-02 58 26.2	167.7501	-57.9800	G167.754-57.983	o Cet		22 GHz	6.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O	EVOLVED	0.300		1986 Mar 22-25
2	02 22 52.6	+58 34 56.1	134.6240	-2.1983	G134.621-2.195	S Per		22 GHz	75.90	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED	5.000		1986 Mar 22-25
3	04 01 31.3	+11 24 2.6	179.4729	-29.9360	G179.473-29.936	IKTau		22 GHz	83.60	HAYS	90	+H₂O		0.300		1986 Mar 22-25
4	04 11 31.8	-25 08 01	222.1657	-45.3433	G222.165-45.346	W Eri		22 GHz	31.90	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED	0.700		1986 Mar 22-25
5	04 31 7.8	+27 29 49.2	171.3832	-14.0726	G171.387-14.079	IRC 30087		22 GHz	3.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O -OH	EVOLVED			1986 Mar 22-25
6	05 19 48.9	+63 15 58.9	148.2805	14.5615	G148.285+14.565	IRC 60154		22 GHz	95.70	HAYS	90	+H₂O				1986 Mar 22-25
7	05 55 49.3	+20 10 30.8	188.7153	-2.4917	G188.715-2.492	U Ori		22 GHz	221.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED	0.300		1986 Mar 22-25
8	06 34 34.9	+60 56 33.2	154.3091	21.5200	G154.310+21.517	IRC 60169		22 GHz	281.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED			1986 Mar 22-25
9	06 40 45.5	+59 54 36.3	155.6118	21.9471	G155.612+21.947	U Lyn		22 GHz	6.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O				1986 Mar 22-25
10	07 22 58.6	-25 46 2.8	239.3529	-5.0645	G239.352-5.065	VY CMa		22 GHz	1268.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	EVOLVED			1986 Mar 22-25
11	07 42 16.8	-14 42 46	231.8340	4.2204	G231.835+4.220	OH231.7-0.1		22 GHz	26.40	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	EVOLVED	1.800		1986 Mar 22-25
12	09 35 30.4	-14 41 26.5	248.1490	26.7023	G248.149+26.701	X Hya		22 GHz	6.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED			1986 Mar 22-25
13	11 00 37	-18 19 43.5	269.2854	37.1990	G269.270+37.196	R Crt		22 GHz	1949.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED			1986 Mar 22-25
14	11 48 44.9	-26 45 16.9	286.0067	34.0483	G286.006+34.053	IRC-30182		22 GHz	10.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O -OH	EVOLVED			1986 Mar 22-25
15	11 52 45.4	-07 35 41.6	278.5893	52.4813	G278.588+52.479	S Crt		22 GHz	34.10	HAYS	90	+H₂O -OH -SiO	EVOLVED	0.300		1986 Mar 22-25
16	13 02 37.1	+05 10 59.5	310.3469	67.8938	G310.357+67.896	RT Vir		22 GHz	663.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED	0.700		1986 Mar 22-25
17	13 49 03	-28 21 59.9	318.0269	32.8108	G318.022+32.811	W Hya		22 GHz	236.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED			1986 Mar 22-25
18	14 11 35.5	-28 52 29.1	323.3765	30.7952	G323.368+30.787	RU Hya		22 GHz	15.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED			1986 Mar 22-25
19	14 24 12.9	+25 42 21	34.2853	69.2084	G34.278+69.213	RX Boo		22 GHz	9.40	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +OH +SiO	EVOLVED	0.200		1986 Mar 22-25
20	14 27 16.4	+04 40 40.4	352.6741	57.9712	G352.674+57.971	RS Vir		22 GHz	71.40	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED	0.600		1986 Mar 22-25
21	16 25 47.8	+18 53 33.2	35.3458	40.3497	G35.345+40.351	U Her		22 GHz	43.30	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED			1986 Mar 22-25
22	17 11 17	-32 19 32.4	353.0834	4.2705	G353.084+4.271	AH Sco		22 GHz	426.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +SiO	EVOLVED	2.600		1986 Mar 22-25
23	17 25 36.3	-03 03 59.5	19.9540	17.5008	G19.953+17.503	AH Oph		22 GHz	6.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O -OH +SiO	EVOLVED			1986 Mar 22-25
24	18 03 56.5	-20 19 19.3	9.5344	0.7657	G9.539+0.768	IRC-20424		22 GHz	10.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED	0.600		1986 Mar 22-25
25	18 05 37.7	-21 13 41.9	8.9377	-0.0222	G8.934-0.015	IRC-20427		22 GHz	39.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED			1986 Mar 22-25
26	18 08 4.1	-22 13 31.3	8.3430	-1.0027	G8.344-1.002	VX Sgr		22 GHz	658.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	MIXED	0.500		1986 Mar 22-25
27	19 06 22.6	+08 13 53.2	41.9543	0.4534	G41.952+0.454	R Aql		22 GHz	21.60	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +OH +SiO	EVOLVED	0.300		1986 Mar 22-25
28	19 08 56	-22 14 21.3	14.6641	-13.6154	G14.663-13.611	IRC-20540		22 GHz	10.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED	1.100		1986 Mar 22-25
29	19 57 33.8	-01 53 05	38.9141	-15.5510	G38.917-15.560	RR Aql		22 GHz	95.30	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED	0.700		1986 Mar 22-25
30	20 46 25.7	+40 06 56.4	80.7980	-1.9219	G80.798-1.921	NML Cyg		22 GHz	37.20	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	EVOLVED	0.500		1986 Mar 22-25
31	22 03 57.2	+28 21 04	83.7799	-21.5124	G83.784-21.520	WT Peg		22 GHz	6.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH II -OH	EVOLVED			1986 Mar 22-25
32	22 05 42	+35 21 19.8	88.7195	-16.2798	G88.715-16.285	SV PEG		22 GHz	43.30	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED			1986 Mar 22-25
33	23 06 38.9	+10 32 37.9	85.4063	-44.5590	G85.407-44.560	R Peg		22 GHz	34.60	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED	0.500		1986 Mar 22-25
34	23 58 25.7	+51 23 17.9	114.5630	-10.6200	G114.561-10.619	RCas		22 GHz	7.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED	0.400		1986 Mar 22-25
35	00 11 21.8	+58 50 22	117.7568	-3.6290	G117.766-3.639	LK Hal98		22 GHz	9.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH II -OH	MIXED			1986 Mar 22-25
36	00 20 27.4	+59 17 14.5	118.9782	-3.3463	G118.979-3.345	IC 10		22 GHz	4.30	HAYS	90	+H₂O		3.000		1986 Mar 22-25
37	00 47 34.4	-25 17 01	97.5455	-87.9618	G97.546-87.962	NGC 253		22 GHz	2.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O		3.000		1986 Mar 22-25
38	00 52 25.2	+56 33 53.3	123.0679	-6.3067	G123.066-6.309	NGC 281		22 GHz	36.40	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR	2.100		1986 Mar 22-25
39	02 25 40.6	+62 05 52.2	133.7148	1.2152	G133.715+1.215	W3 IRS5		22 GHz	753.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	3.000		1986 Mar 22-25
40	02 27 4.6	+61 52 24.5	133.9487	1.0647	G133.949+1.064	W3 (OH)		22 GHz	20400.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	3.000		1986 Mar 22-25
41	03 03 19.7	+60 27 56.3	138.5004	1.6435	G138.498+1.641	S201		22 GHz	9.20	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	MIXED			1986 Mar 22-25
42	03 29 2.1	+31 15 37.7	158.3472	-20.5643	G158.347-20.556	HH7-11B		22 GHz	6.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	MIXED	0.500		1986 Mar 22-25
43	03 29 3.8	+31 16 2.6	158.3476	-20.5554	G158.347-20.556	HH7-11A		22 GHz	6.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	MIXED	0.500		1986 Mar 22-25
44	04 21 59.4	+19 32 6.4	176.2296	-20.8870	G176.229-20.887	T Tau		22 GHz	11.40	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II -OH	GALAXY			1986 Mar 22-25
45	05 35 15.2	-05 22 36.6	208.9960	-19.3830	G208.993-19.385	Orion KL	Image	22 GHz	1220000.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	MIXED	0.500		1986 Mar 22-25
46	05 35 27.6	-05 09 36.5	208.8161	-19.2388	G208.816-19.239	OMC2(1)		22 GHz	15.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	MIXED	0.500		1986 Mar 22-25
47	05 40 24.9	+23 50 56.2	183.7211	-3.6618	G183.721-3.664	GGD4		22 GHz	6.40	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	MIXED	1.700		1986 Mar 22-25
48	05 41 45.2	-01 56 4.8	206.5655	-16.3617	G206.565-16.361	Orion B		22 GHz	251.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR	0.500		1986 Mar 22-25
49	05 47 5.5	+00 21 50.1	205.1095	-14.1055	G205.109-14.109	NGC 2071	Image	22 GHz	825.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR	0.500		1986 Mar 22-25
50	06 08 35.4	+20 39 03	189.7788	0.3448	G189.778+0.345	S252		22 GHz	171.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	MIXED	2.000		1986 Mar 22-25
51	06 10 52.2	-06 11 32.2	213.8788	-11.8287	G213.879-11.829	GGD 12-15		22 GHz	94.60	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	MIXED	1.000		1986 Mar 22-25
52	06 14 36.5	+13 49 33.4	196.4535	-1.6798	G196.454-1.677	S269		22 GHz	286.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O	SFR	2.000		1986 Mar 22-25
53	07 07 50.1	-10 44 5.4	224.3431	-1.2849	G224.342-1.288	GL1074		22 GHz	8.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED			1986 Mar 22-25
54	10 01 57.8	+55 40 48.6	157.8096	48.3596	G157.810+48.360	NGC 3079	Image	22 GHz	11.30	HAYS	90	+H₂O		15.000		1986 Mar 22-25
55	12 18 57.1	+47 18 21	138.3212	68.8399	G138.320+68.842	NGC 4258		22 GHz	3.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I	GALAXY	7.000		1986 Mar 22-25
56	17 20 19.6	-35 54 49.9	351.2450	0.6644	G351.240+0.671	N25		22 GHz	11700.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O	SFR	0.500		1986 Mar 22-25
57	17 45 38.2	-29 05 48.7	359.8647	-0.0867	G359.8654-0.0863	0.13-0.18		22 GHz	10.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	MIXED	8.700		1986 Mar 22-25
58	17 47 20.1	-28 22 18.3	0.6777	-0.0282	G0.6770-0.0271	SGR B2N		22 GHz	1670.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O		8.700		1986 Mar 22-25
59	17 47 20.1	-28 23 22.3	0.6626	-0.0375	G0.6666-0.0344	SGR B2MS		22 GHz	281.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O		8.700		1986 Mar 22-25
60	18 16 25.7	-16 39 57.5	14.1654	-0.0592	G14.166-0.060	GL2103		22 GHz	52.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O -OH +SiO	EVOLVED	2.200		1986 Mar 22-25
61	18 23 17.9	-13 42 47.4	17.5510	-0.1263	G17.551-0.126	GL2139		22 GHz	58.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED	6.000		1986 Mar 22-25
62	18 53 18.8	+01 14 55.7	34.2571	0.1522	G34.257+0.153	34.3+0.1		22 GHz	948.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	MIXED	3.700		1986 Mar 22-25
63	19 10 13.4	+09 06 14.3	43.1668	0.0114	G43.167+0.011	W49 N		22 GHz	28100.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	MIXED	13.900		1986 Mar 22-25
64	19 11 54.3	+09 35 55.4	43.7972	-0.1276	G43.795-0.127	43.8-0.1		22 GHz	1600.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	2.700		1986 Mar 22-25
65	19 23 39.9	+14 31 5.1	49.4897	-0.3694	G49.488-0.387	W51	Image	22 GHz	3640.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH -SiO	SFR	6.500		1986 Mar 22-25
66	20 10 9.1	+31 31 37.4	69.5406	-0.9756	G69.540-0.976	ONI		22 GHz	103.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	6.000		1986 Mar 22-25
67	20 21 43.9	+37 26 38.7	75.7821	0.3432	G75.773+0.343	ON2		22 GHz	227.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O	SFR	5.500		1986 Mar 22-25
68	20 39 01	+42 22 49.9	81.7219	0.5713	G81.710+0.563	W75S		22 GHz	248.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH -SiO	SFR	3.000		1986 Mar 22-25
69	22 19 18.3	+63 18 48.3	106.7972	5.3122	G106.797+5.312	S140		22 GHz	54.60	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	1.000		1986 Mar 22-25
70	22 49 29.6	+59 55 36.6	108.2033	0.5891	G108.198+0.579	S146		22 GHz	9.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR	4.700		1986 Mar 22-25
71	22 56 18.1	+62 01 46.3	109.8709	2.1134	G109.871+2.114	Cep A		22 GHz	678.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	0.700		1986 Mar 22-25
72	22 57 39.2	+58 49 14.9	108.6535	-0.8602	G108.657-0.862	GL2999		22 GHz	22.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED	3.000		1986 Mar 22-25
73	23 13 44.8	+61 26 50.7	111.5330	0.7567	G111.542+0.769	NGC 7538S		22 GHz	160.00	HAYS	90	+H₂O	SFR	3.500		1986 Mar 22-25
74	23 16 4.4	+60 01 40.7	111.2812	-0.6688	G111.284-0.664	S157		22 GHz	8.80	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II -OH	MIXED	3.600		1986 Mar 22-25

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	GLIMPSE 360
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(h2o_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(h2o_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(h2o_data_all.l) as l,MAX(h2o_data_all.b) as b,MAX(h2o_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(h2o_data_all.line) as line,MAX(h2o_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(h2o_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(h2o_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(h2o_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(h2o_data_all.int) as int,MAX(h2o_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.units) as units,MAX(h2o_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(h2o_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(h2o_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(h2o_data_all.image) as image,MAX(h2o_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(h2o_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(h2o_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'BAR89' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select h2o_data_all.ra_hms,h2o_data_all.dec_dms,h2o_data_all.source_name,h2o_data_all.ra,h2o_data_all.dec,h2o_data_all.l,h2o_data_all.b,h2o_data_all.grp,h2o_data_all.other_name,h2o_data_all.other_desc,h2o_data_all.thermal,h2o_data_all.line,h2o_data_all.vrange,h2o_data_all.vpeak,h2o_data_all.peak,h2o_data_all.fwhm,h2o_data_all.int,h2o_data_all.rms,h2o_data_all.units,h2o_data_all.units_rms,h2o_data_all.date_txt,h2o_data_all.telescope_ref,h2o_data_all.telescope_conf,h2o_data_all.v_step,h2o_data_all.beam,h2o_data_all.beam_maj,h2o_data_all.beam_min,h2o_data_all.beam_pa,h2o_data_all.ref,h2o_data_all.list_ref,h2o_data_all.ascii,h2o_data_all.image,h2o_data_all.descr,h2o_data_all.id,h2o_data_all.mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.dist,h2o_data_all.dist_parallax,h2o_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'BAR89' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

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BAR89 - Single-Dish and Interferometer Measurements of Water-Maser Polarization

View as list of objects

Detection table from Barvainis & Deguchi (1989)