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2
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CLA96 - A Monthly Survey of Water Masers Associated with Low-Mass Stars
Short title
: Claussen et al. (1996)
Authors
: Claussen, Mark J.Wilking, Bruce A.Benson, Priscilla J.Wootten, AlwynMyers, Philip C.Terebey, Susan
Journal
: Astrophysical Journal Supplement v.106, p.111
Bibcode
:
1996ApJS..106..111C
Target type
: Low_mass_SFR,YSO
Transitions
: H2O_22
Abstract
We have performed a multiepoch survey of water masers toward low-luminosity young stellar objects (YSOs). These objects were selected to be in an early phase of stellar evolution based on IRAS colors and association with molecular outflows or dense cores. The sample was restricted to YSOs in nearby clouds (d < 450 pc) with luminosities <120 L
sun
.
Seven new sources of maser emission have been found resulting in a total of 22 YSOs with L < 120 L
sun
known to display maser activity. We present monitoring data (at least two epochs of observation) for 47 sources. Four objects were monitored on a semiregular basis for more than S years. Based on a coherent 13 month subset of this survey, we estimate that the maser phase in low-mass embedded sources occupies about one-third of the duration of the embedded phase of evolution. Some spectrally isolated water maser features are seen to appear and disappear on timescales less than about 2 months. This characteristic timescale is consistent with shock crossing times for reasonable values of the shock velocity and size and is thus suggestive that the masers originate in the shocked gas. Some embedded sources can have long periods of inactivity (~5 yr) when no masers are seen to our detection limit. Sources with stronger masers and more complex spectra can maintain emission over this same time period. We determined threshold values of the CO mass-loss rate (4 x 10
-5
M
sun
yr
-1
), 6 cm radio luminosity (0.25 kpc
2
mJy), and the IRAS in-band luminosity (25 L
sun
) above which water masers were always detected.
The isotropic luminosity of the water masers in any given source can vary over more than 2 orders of magnitude in a period of several months. Thus, a single epoch measurement of this luminosity may provide a misleading result, especially if compared to other physical parameters such as the bolometric luminosity.
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Detection table from Claussen et al. (1996)
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individual components
ID
Obs. RA
Obs. Dec
l
b
Group id
Source name
Other name
Image
Descr.
Line
Telescope
Beam
Detection
Class
Dist. (parallax)
Date
(J2000)
(J2000)
(deg.)
(deg.)
H
2
O
(arcsec)
Yes
/
No
(kpc)
1
03 25 36.4
+30 45 20.4
158.0416
-21.4088
G158.040-21.410
IRAS 03225+3034
L1448/IRS3
Image
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
2
03 25 38.7
+30 44 5.3
158.0620
-21.4207
G158.062-21.420
L1448C
L1448C
Image
Descr
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
3
03 27 39
+30 12 59.4
158.7675
-21.5766
G158.768-21.577
IRAS 03245+3002
RNO15FIR
Image
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
4
03 29 3.7
+31 16 3.6
158.3472
-20.5554
G158.347-20.556
IRAS 03259+3105
SSV13
Image
Descr
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
MIXED
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
5
03 29 11.1
+31 13 20.2
158.3990
-20.5755
G158.400-20.576
IRAS 4
IRAS 4
Image
Descr
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
+CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
6
04 04 43.1
+26 18 57.9
168.0660
-19.1675
G168.066-19.168
IRAS 04016+2610
L1489
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
-OH
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
7
04 21 59.4
+19 32 6.4
176.2296
-20.8870
G176.229-20.887
IRAS 04190+1925
TTau
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
-OH
GALAXY
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
8
04 29 23.7
+24 33 02
173.4157
-16.3057
G173.416-16.306
IRAS 04263+2426
Haro6-10
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH II
-OH
MIXED
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
9
04 31 34.1
+18 08 04
178.9286
-20.0477
G178.929-20.041
IRAS 04287+1801
L1551/IRS5
Descr
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
10
04 39 13.9
+25 53 21.2
173.8539
-13.7438
G173.853-13.744
IRAS 04361+2547
L1534B
Image
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
MIXED
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
11
05 32 41.7
-05 35 47.5
208.8984
-20.0500
G208.898-20.050
IRAS 05302-0537
OriA-W
Image
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
12
05 36 18.7
-06 22 9.3
210.0619
-19.5943
G210.062-19.594
IRAS 05338-0624
L1641
Image
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
+CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
13
05 39 22.3
-07 26 44.6
211.4429
-19.3922
G211.442-19.393
IRAS 05369-0728
Haro4-255FIR
Image
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
14
05 43 51.1
-01 03 0.9
206.0069
-15.4849
G206.006-15.483
IRAS 05413-0104
HH212FIR
Image
Descr
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
15
05 44 29.8
+09 08 53.7
196.9306
-10.4000
G196.931-10.400
IRAS 05417+0907
B35A
Image
Descr
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
16
16 26 21.4
-24 23 2.3
353.0714
16.9354
G353.074+16.938
GSS30
GSS30
Image
Descr
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH II
MIXED
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
17
16 26 26.5
-24 24 31
353.0653
16.9048
G353.065+16.905
VLA1623
VLA1623
Image
Descr
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
18
16 27 18.1
-24 28 49.6
353.1441
16.7103
G353.143+16.712
IRAS 16243-2422
YLW12
Image
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
MIXED
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
19
16 27 27.8
-24 39 31.9
353.0296
16.5648
G353.030+16.564
IRAS 16244-2432
YLW16
Image
Descr
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH II
MIXED
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
20
16 32 22.9
-24 28 44.1
353.9338
15.8379
G353.936+15.839
IRAS 16293-2422
L1689N
Image
Descr
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
21
16 57 19.5
-16 09 24.7
4.5035
16.3423
G4.503+16.342
IRAS 16544-1604
L146
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
22
18 17 29.8
-04 39 38.3
24.8845
5.3844
G24.885+5.384
IRAS 18148-0440
L483
Image
Descr
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
23
18 29 49.8
+01 15 20.6
31.5843
5.3801
G31.584+5.377
IRAS 18273+0113
S68FIRS1
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
+CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
+OH
-SiO
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
24
19 17 53.2
+19 12 16.6
52.9809
3.0506
G52.984+3.049
IRAS 19156+1906
L723
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
25
19 37 01
+07 34 10.9
44.9315
-6.5594
G44.931-6.559
IRAS 19345+0727
B335
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
26
20 39 6.5
+68 02 13.4
102.6541
15.7953
G102.650+15.786
IRAS 20386+6751
L1157
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
+CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
27
20 59 14.3
+78 23 1.1
112.4152
20.5982
G112.415+20.598
IRAS 21004+7811
L1228
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
MIXED
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
28
21 12 26.1
+47 24 24.4
89.3769
-0.6844
G89.377-0.684
IRAS 21106+4712
B361
Image
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
29
22 28 2.9
+69 01 13.2
110.6525
9.6405
G110.652+9.640
IRAS 22266+6845
L1221
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
30
22 35 24.3
+75 17 5.7
114.4861
14.6922
G114.486+14.692
IRAS 22343+7501
L1251A
Image
Descr
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
-OH
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
31
22 38 47.1
+75 11 28.9
114.6285
14.5021
G114.628+14.502
IRAS 22376+7455
L1251B
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH II
MIXED
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
32
23 25 45.8
+74 17 38.2
117.1227
12.3965
G117.124+12.396
IRAS 23238+7401
LI262A
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
Non-detection table from Claussen et al. (1996)
Export table to csv
Hide
/
Show
individual components
ID
Obs. RA
Obs. Dec
l
b
Group id
Source name
Other name
Image
Line
Telescope
Beam
Detection
Class
Date
(J2000)
(J2000)
(deg.)
(deg.)
H
2
O
(arcsec)
Yes
/
No
1
03 31 20.4
+30 45 24.7
159.0929
-20.6647
G159.093-20.665
IRAS 03282+3035
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
-H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
2
04 31 38.4
+18 13 58.7
178.8587
-19.9723
G178.859-19.972
IRAS 04287+1807
HL Tau
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-OH
EVOLVED
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
3
04 39 35
+25 41 46.7
174.0586
-13.8065
G174.059-13.807
IRAS 04365+2535
L1534
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
-H
2
O
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
4
05 18 17
+07 11 1.2
195.2707
-16.9829
G195.271-16.983
IRAS 05155+0707
HH114/115
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
-H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
5
05 19 48.9
-05 52 4.8
207.5976
-23.0294
G207.598-23.029
IRAS 05173-0555
RNO40
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
-H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
6
05 35 29.1
-06 26 50.7
210.0386
-19.8129
G210.042-19.811
IRAS 05330-0628
HH34FIR
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
-H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
MIXED
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
7
05 36 22.8
-06 46 6.6
210.4494
-19.7571
G210.435-19.766
VLA1
VLA1
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
MIXED
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
8
05 39 56
-07 30 18.1
211.5643
-19.2937
G211.567-19.294
IRAS 05375-0731
L1641
Image
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
9
05 46 8.1
-00 09 55.8
205.4754
-14.5656
G205.476-14.568
IRAS 05435-0011
SSV63
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
-H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
10
05 47 42.3
+00 38 40.4
204.9292
-13.8377
G204.929-13.838
IRAS 05451+0037
2071N
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-OH
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
11
05 51 46.1
+02 48 29.7
203.4703
-11.9168
G203.470-11.916
IRAS 05491+0247
HH111
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
-H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
12
16 26 59
-24 34 56.8
353.0143
16.6973
G353.009+16.703
WL22
WL22
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
-H
2
O
-CH
3
OH II
MIXED
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
13
16 27 9.6
-24 37 14.1
353.0120
16.6420
G353.011+16.642
EL29
EL29
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
-H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
14
16 27 26.8
-24 40 49
353.0101
16.5537
G353.010+16.553
IRAS 16244-2434
YLW15
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
+H
2
O
SFR
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
15
16 31 52.2
-24 56 14.2
353.4939
15.6274
G353.500+15.614
IRAS 16289-2450
L1689S
22 GHz
;
HAYS
90
-H
2
O
-CH
3
OH II
-OH
MIXED
Dec 1991 - Sep 1994
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IRAC color I1,I2,I4
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NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um
ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck
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select MAX(h2o_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(h2o_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(h2o_data_all.l) as l,MAX(h2o_data_all.b) as b,MAX(h2o_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(h2o_data_all.line) as line,MAX(h2o_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(h2o_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(h2o_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(h2o_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(h2o_data_all.int) as int,MAX(h2o_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.units) as units,MAX(h2o_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(h2o_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(h2o_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(h2o_data_all.url) as url,MAX(h2o_data_all.image) as image,MAX(h2o_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(h2o_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(h2o_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(h2o_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(h2o_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line" WHERE ref ilike 'CLA96' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref
select h2o_data_all.ra_hms,h2o_data_all.dec_dms,h2o_data_all.source_name,h2o_data_all.ra,h2o_data_all.dec,h2o_data_all.l,h2o_data_all.b,h2o_data_all.grp,h2o_data_all.other_name,h2o_data_all.other_desc,h2o_data_all.thermal,h2o_data_all.line,h2o_data_all.vrange,h2o_data_all.vpeak,h2o_data_all.peak,h2o_data_all.fwhm,h2o_data_all.int,h2o_data_all.rms,h2o_data_all.units,h2o_data_all.units_rms,h2o_data_all.date_txt,h2o_data_all.telescope_ref,h2o_data_all.telescope_conf,h2o_data_all.v_step,h2o_data_all.beam,h2o_data_all.beam_maj,h2o_data_all.beam_min,h2o_data_all.beam_pa,h2o_data_all.ref,h2o_data_all.list_ref,h2o_data_all.ascii,h2o_data_all.url,h2o_data_all.image,h2o_data_all.image2,h2o_data_all.image3,h2o_data_all.descr,h2o_data_all.id,h2o_data_all.mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.dist,h2o_data_all.dist_parallax,h2o_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line" WHERE ref ilike 'CLA96' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id
