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LIT11B - Search for class I methanol maser emission in various types of objects in the interstellar medium

Short title: Litovchenko et al. (2011b)
Authors: Litovchenko, I. D. Alakoz, A. V. Val'Tts, I. E. Larionov, G. M.
Journal: Astronomy Reports, Volume 55, Issue 12, pp.1086-1095
Bibcode:

Target type: IRAS,UCHII,YSO,Outflows,HII*
Transitions: SiO_1-0v0,CH3OH_36(I),CH3OH_44(I),CH3OH_95(I),CH3OH_132(I),CH3OH_6(II)

Abstract
Observations of various types of objects in the northern sky were obtained at 44 GHz in the 7₀-6₁ A ⁺ methanol line on the 20-m Onsala radio telescope (Sweden), in order to search for Class I methanol maser emission in the interstellar medium: regions of formation of high-mass stars, dust rings around HII regions, and protostellar candidates associated with powerful molecular outflows and Galactic HII regions. Seven new Class Imethanolmasers have been discovered toward regions of formation of highmass stars, and the existence of two previously observed masers confirmed. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) neither the association of a bipolar outflow manifest in the wings of CO lines with a highmass protostellar object (HMPO) nor the presence of thermal emission in lines of complex molecules are sufficient conditions for the detection of Class I methanol emission no association with HMPOs radiating at 44 GHz was found for EGOs (a new class of object tracing bipolar outflows) (2) the existence of H₂O masers and Class II methanol masers in the region of aHMPOenhances the probability of detecting Class I methanol emission toward the HMPO Class II methanol masers with stronger line fluxes are associated with Class I methanol masers.	Target sources: IRAS or MSX Comments: (1) IRAS objects with color criteria of candidates of high-mass proto-stellar objects (2) Regions with massive molecular outflows from Qin et al. [19] that are associated with ultra-compact and compact HII regions (3) Proposed regions of formation of second-generation stars from Deharveng et al. [20] (4) Regions of formation of massive stars from Qiu et al. [21] containing young high-luminosity objects associated with molecular outflows.

Abstract

Observations of various types of objects in the northern sky were obtained at 44 GHz in the 7₀-6₁ A ⁺ methanol line on the 20-m Onsala radio telescope (Sweden), in order to search for Class I methanol maser emission in the interstellar medium: regions of formation of high-mass stars, dust rings around HII regions, and protostellar candidates associated with powerful molecular outflows and Galactic HII regions. Seven new Class Imethanolmasers have been discovered toward regions of formation of highmass stars, and the existence of two previously observed masers confirmed. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) neither the association of a bipolar outflow manifest in the wings of CO lines with a highmass protostellar object (HMPO) nor the presence of thermal emission in lines of complex molecules are sufficient conditions for the detection of Class I methanol emission no association with HMPOs radiating at 44 GHz was found for EGOs (a new class of object tracing bipolar outflows) (2) the existence of H₂O masers and Class II methanol masers in the region of aHMPOenhances the probability of detecting Class I methanol emission toward the HMPO Class II methanol masers with stronger line fluxes are associated with Class I methanol masers.

Target sources:
IRAS or MSX

Comments:
(1) IRAS objects with color criteria of candidates of high-mass proto-stellar objects
(2) Regions with massive molecular outflows from Qin et al. [19] that are associated with ultra-compact and compact HII regions
(3) Proposed regions of formation of second-generation stars from Deharveng et al. [20]
(4) Regions of formation of massive stars from Qiu et al. [21] containing young high-luminosity objects associated with molecular outflows.

Input tables: Table 1
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Detection table from Litovchenko et al. (2011b)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	Source name	Other name	Line	V_peak	FWHM	F_peak	∫F dv	Telescope	Beam	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)			IRAS	CH₃OH (class I)	(km/s)	(km/s)	(Jy)	(Jy*km/s)		(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	05 30 48	+33 47 53.8	174.2009	-0.0707	G174.198-0.076	174.201-0.07	05274+3345	44 GHz (I);	-4.248(0.027)	2.071(0.036)	1.024	2.259(0.198)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	GALAXY		December 2-15, 2009
	05 30 48	+33 47 53.8	174.2009	-0.0707	G174.198-0.076	174.201-0.07	05274+3345	44 GHz (I);	-2.682(0.001)	1.308(0.023)	7.347	10.226(0.144)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	GALAXY		December 2-15, 2009
	05 30 48	+33 47 53.8	174.2009	-0.0707	G174.198-0.076	174.201-0.07	05274+3345	44 GHz (I);	-1.201(0.056)	1.277(0.110)	1.502	2.042(0.144)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	GALAXY		December 2-15, 2009
	05 30 48	+33 47 53.8	174.2009	-0.0707	G174.198-0.076	174.201-0.07	05274+3345	44 GHz (I);	0.435(0.053)	0.801(1.368)	0.913	0.779(0.054)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	GALAXY		December 2-15, 2009
5	18 17 57.1	-12 07 22	18.3401	1.7722	G18.340+1.772	18.34+1.772	18151-1208	44 GHz (I);	30.031(0.032)	0.373(0.061)	8.298	3.295(0.738)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	18 17 57.1	-12 07 22	18.3401	1.7722	G18.340+1.772	18.34+1.772	18151-1208	44 GHz (I);	30.746(0.028)	0.767(0.093)	8.750	10.826(1.008)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	18 17 57.1	-12 07 22	18.3401	1.7722	G18.340+1.772	18.34+1.772	18151-1208	44 GHz (I);	32.504(0.045)	0.841(0.131)	7.866	7.03l(0.756)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	18 17 57.1	-12 07 22	18.3401	1.7722	G18.340+1.772	18.34+1.772	18151-1208	44 GHz (I);	34.059(0.039)	0.558(0.099)	6.354	3.774(0.540)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
9	18 37 16.8	-06 38 32	25.4100	0.1050	G25.411+0.105	25.41+0.105	18345-0641	44 GHz (I);	95.794(0.046)	0.960(0.100)	8.060	8.244(1.170)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	18 37 16.8	-06 38 32	25.4100	0.1050	G25.411+0.105	25.41+0.105	18345-0641	44 GHz (I);	97.247(0.216)	1.695(0.413)	2.810	5.058(1.242)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
11	18 51 24.8	+00 04 19	32.9931	0.0383	G32.993+0.038	32.993+0.038	18488+0000	44 GHz (I);	83.307(0.047)	1.013(0.087)	5.795	6.255(0.612)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	18 51 24.8	+00 04 19	32.9931	0.0383	G32.993+0.038	32.993+0.038	18488+0000	44 GHz (I);	83.669(0.026)	0.295(0.057)	4.194	1.317(0.378)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
13	19 28 54	+17 51 56	53.0320	0.1170	G53.036+0.113	53.032+0.117	19266+1745	44 GHz (I);	3.539(0.057)	0.386(0.134)	2.106	0.866(0.288)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	19 28 54	+17 51 56	53.0320	0.1170	G53.036+0.113	53.032+0.117	19266+1745	44 GHz (I);	4.270(0.098)	0.638(0.293)	2.160	1.464(0.630)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	19 28 54	+17 51 56	53.0320	0.1170	G53.036+0.113	53.032+0.117	19266+1745	44 GHz (I);	5.034(0.125)	0.622(0.289)	1.872	1.240(0.612)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	19 28 54	+17 51 56	53.0320	0.1170	G53.036+0.113	53.032+0.117	19266+1745	44 GHz (I);	6.142(0.048)	0.928(0.175)	3.708	3.664(0.522)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	19 28 54	+17 51 56	53.0320	0.1170	G53.036+0.113	53.032+0.117	19266+1745	44 GHz (I);	7.233(0.087)	0.560(0.189)	1.740	1.038(0.342)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
18	19 43 11.4	+23 44 06	59.7837	0.0645	G59.783+0.064	59.784+0.064	19410+2336	44 GHz (I);	22.214(0.035)	0.458(0.067)	7.866	3.837(0.558)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	19 43 11.4	+23 44 06	59.7837	0.0645	G59.783+0.064	59.784+0.064	19410+2336	44 GHz (I);	22.894(0.016)	0.510(0.055)	16.992	9.224(0.828)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	19 43 11.4	+23 44 06	59.7837	0.0645	G59.783+0.064	59.784+0.064	19410+2336	44 GHz (I);	23.651(0.073)	0.534(0.230)	4.320	2.457(0.900)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
21	20 31 10.7	+40 03 10	78.9752	0.3562	G78.975+0.356	78.975+0.356	20293+3952	44 GHz (I);	5.388(0.030)	0.817(0.049)	9.540	8.300(0.702)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	20 31 10.7	+40 03 10	78.9752	0.3562	G78.975+0.356	78.975+0.356	20293+3952	44 GHz (I);	6.341(0.056)	0.854(0.098)	5.850	5.309(0.738)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	20 31 10.7	+40 03 10	78.9752	0.3562	G78.975+0.356	78.975+0.356	20293+3952	44 GHz (I);	7.532(0.018)	0.936(0.052)	6.624	6.608(0.288)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
24	20 31 13.7	+40 03 17	78.9824	0.3496	G78.975+0.356	78.983+0.349	20293+3952	44 GHz (I);	5.466(0.038)	1.024(0.072)	12.492	13.618(1.008)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	20 31 13.7	+40 03 17	78.9824	0.3496	G78.975+0.356	78.983+0.349	20293+3952	44 GHz (I);	6.408(0.070)	0.699(0.136)	4.788	3.557(0.720)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	20 31 13.7	+40 03 17	78.9824	0.3496	G78.975+0.356	78.983+0.349	20293+3952	44 GHz (I);	7.463(0.020)	0.986(0.066)	10.602	11.124(0.558)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
27	23 05 25.7	+60 08 7.9	110.0935	-0.0669	G110.093-0.066	110.094-0.067	23033+5951	44 GHz (I);	-54.078(0.006)	0.573(0.017)	14.004	8.549(0.198)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	23 05 25.7	+60 08 7.9	110.0935	-0.0669	G110.093-0.066	110.094-0.067	23033+5951	44 GHz (I);	-52.600(0.000)	0.493(0.000)	1.944	1.016(0.144)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
29	23 17 21	+59 28 49	111.2356	-1.2378	G111.236-1.238	111.236-1.238	23151 +5912	44 GHz (I);	-54.340(0.025)	0.557(0.081)	2.016	1.197(0.126)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II -OH	SFR		December 2-15, 2009
	23 17 21	+59 28 49	111.2356	-1.2378	G111.236-1.238	111.236-1.238	23151 +5912	44 GHz (I);	-52.332(0.013)	0.653(0.034)	3.870	2.689(0.108)	ONSALA	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II -OH	SFR		December 2-15, 2009

Non-detection table from Litovchenko et al. (2011b)