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FEL07 - Water maser variability over 20 years in a large sample of star-forming regions: the complete database

Short title: Felli et al. (2007)
Authors: Felli, M. Brand, J. Cesaroni, R. Codella, C. Comoretto, G. Di Franco, S. Massi, F. Moscadelli, L. Nesti, R. Olmi, L. Palagi, F. Panella, D. Valdettaro, R.
Journal: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 476, Issue 1, December II 2007, pp.373-664
Bibcode:

Non-detection table: Show non-detection table
Detection table: Show detection table (43 detection)
Target type: High_mass_SFR
Transitions: H2O_22

Abstract
Context: Water vapor emission at 22 GHz from masers associated with star-forming regions is highly variable. Aims: We present a database of up to 20 years of monitoring of a sample of 43 masers within star-forming regions. The sample covers a large range of luminosities of the associated IRAS source and is representative of the entire population of H2O masers of this type. The database forms a good starting point for any further study of H2O maser variability. Methods: The observations were obtained with the Medicina 32-m radiotelescope, at a rate of 4-5 observations per year. Results: To provide a database that can be easily accessed through the web, we give for each source: plots of the calibrated spectra, the velocity-time-flux density plot, the light curve of the integrated flux, the lower and upper envelopes of the maser emission, the mean spectrum, and the rate of the maser occurrence as a function of velocity. Figures for just one source are given in the text for representative purposes. Figures for all the sources are given in electronic form the appendix. A discussion of the main properties of the H2O variability in our sample will be presented in a forthcoming paper. Based on observations with the Medicina radiotelescope operated by INAF - Istituto di Radioastronomia. eprintid: arXiv:0710.0790

Abstract

Context: Water vapor emission at 22 GHz from masers associated with star-forming regions is highly variable.
Aims: We present a database of up to 20 years of monitoring of a sample of 43 masers within star-forming regions. The sample covers a large range of luminosities of the associated IRAS source and is representative of the entire population of H2O masers of this type. The database forms a good starting point for any further study of H2O maser variability.
Methods: The observations were obtained with the Medicina 32-m radiotelescope, at a rate of 4-5 observations per year.
Results: To provide a database that can be easily accessed through the web, we give for each source: plots of the calibrated spectra, the velocity-time-flux density plot, the light curve of the integrated flux, the lower and upper envelopes of the maser emission, the mean spectrum, and the rate of the maser occurrence as a function of velocity. Figures for just one source are given in the text for representative purposes. Figures for all the sources are given in electronic form the appendix. A discussion of the main properties of the H2O variability in our sample will be presented in a forthcoming paper. Based on observations with the Medicina radiotelescope operated by INAF - Istituto di Radioastronomia. eprintid:

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Detection table from Felli et al. (2007)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	Source name	Other name	Image	Line	Telescope	Beam	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)					H₂O		(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	00 52 24.7	+56 33 50	123.0669	-6.3076	G123.066-6.309	NGC 281	00494+5617	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
2	02 27 4.7	+61 52 26	133.9488	1.0652	G133.949+1.064	W3 OH	02232+6138	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
3	03 27 38.1	+30 12 59	158.7648	-21.5787	G158.768-21.577	RNO 15-FIR	03245+3002	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
4	05 30 48	+33 47 54	174.2009	-0.0707	G174.198-0.076	AFGL5142	05274+3345	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	GALAXY		March 1987 - Feb 2007
5	05 32 41.6	-05 35 47	208.8981	-20.0504	G208.898-20.050	Ori A-west	05302-0537	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
6	05 35 14.5	-05 22 30	208.9929	-19.3847	G208.993-19.385	KL IRC2		Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	SFR_MIXED		March 1987 - Feb 2007
7	05 35 27.6	-05 09 35	208.8156	-19.2387	G208.816-19.239	OMC 2	05329-0512	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED		March 1987 - Feb 2007
8	05 39 12.9	+35 45 51	173.4815	2.4456	G173.481+2.446	Sh 2-231	05358+3543	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
9	05 40 24.1	+23 50 55	183.7197	-3.6647	G183.721-3.664	HHL 26	05373+2349	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
10	05 40 53.3	+35 41 49	173.7187	2.6980	G173.719+2.698	Sh 2-235	05375+3540	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II -OH	SFR_MIXED		March 1987 - Feb 2007
11	05 47 5.4	+00 21 43	205.1112	-14.1066	G205.109-14.109	NGC 2071	05445+0020	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
12	05 58 13.9	+16 32 00	192.1614	-3.8152	G192.161-3.815	HH 397A	05553+1631	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED		March 1987 - Feb 2007
13	06 07 48	-06 22 57	213.7053	-12.5965	G213.705-12.597	Mon R2 IRS 3	06053-0622	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		March 1987 - Feb 2007
14	06 08 35.5	+20 39 13	189.7765	0.3465	G189.778+0.345	Sh 2-252	06055+2039	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		March 1987 - Feb 2007
15	06 08 53.3	+21 38 12	188.9502	0.8835	G188.946+0.887	AFGL5180	06058+2138	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		March 1987 - Feb 2007
16	06 10 52.2	-06 11 32	213.8787	-11.8287	G213.879-11.829	GGD 12-15	06084-0611	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED		March 1987 - Feb 2007
17	06 12 53.6	+17 59 27	192.5986	-0.0490	G192.599-0.048	Sh 2-255/7	06099+1800	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED		March 1987 - Feb 2007
18	06 14 36.5	+13 49 35	196.4532	-1.6795	G196.454-1.677	Sh 2-269	06117+1350	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
19	06 41 10.1	+09 29 22	203.3195	2.0548	G203.316+2.055	NGC 2264	06384+0932	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED		March 1987 - Feb 2007
20	18 47 34.7	-01 12 46	31.4126	0.3055	G31.412+0.307	G31.41+0.31	18449-0115	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
21	18 47 47	-01 54 35	30.8158	-0.0580	G30.817-0.057	W43 Main3		Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
22	18 51 21.9	-00 12 09	32.7434	-0.0761	G32.744-0.076	G32.74-0.08	18487-0015	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
23	18 53 18.8	+01 14 56	34.2572	0.1523	G34.257+0.153	G34.26+0.15	18507+0110	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		March 1987 - Feb 2007
24	18 58 12.6	+01 40 37	35.1965	-0.7414	G35.197-0.743	G35.20-0.74	18556+0136	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
25	19 11 54.2	+09 35 55	43.7969	-0.1274	G43.795-0.127	OH43.8-0.1	19095+0930	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
26	19 13 22	+10 50 52	45.0707	0.1323	G45.071+0.132	G45.07+0.13	19110+1045	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH -SiO	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
27	19 43 11.5	+23 43 54	59.7810	0.0625	G59.783+0.064	G59.78+0.06	19410+2336	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
28	20 10 9.1	+31 31 37	69.5405	-0.9755	G69.540-0.976	ON 1	20081+3122	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
29	20 14 26	+41 13 33	78.1223	3.6330	G78.122+3.633	IRAS 20126+4104	20126+4104	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
30	20 29 24.9	+40 11 20	78.8869	0.7088	G78.887+0.709	AFGL 2591	20275+4001	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
31	20 38 36.4	+42 37 35	81.8713	0.7807	G81.876+0.782	W75-N		Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		March 1987 - Feb 2007
32	21 32 11.4	+55 53 55	97.5298	3.1864	G97.525+3.181	Sh2-128(H3O)	21306+5540	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
33	21 39 58.2	+50 14 22	94.6026	-1.7958	G94.603-1.796	AFGL 2789	21381+5000	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II -OH -SiO	SFR_MIXED		March 1987 - Feb 2007
34	21 40 41.9	+58 16 12	99.9822	4.1708	G99.982+4.170	IC1396n	21391+5802	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	GALAXY		March 1987 - Feb 2007
35	21 43 0.2	+66 03 26	105.3682	9.8416	G105.370+9.841	NGC 7129 FIRS 2		Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
36	22 19 18.3	+63 18 47	106.7969	5.3120	G106.797+5.312	Sh 2-140 IRS1	22176+6303	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
37	22 21 26.7	+63 51 38	107.2981	5.6398	G107.300+5.640	L1204-G	22198+6336	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
38	22 52 36.9	+60 00 48	108.5915	0.4921	G108.595+0.492	IRAS 22506+5944	22506+5944	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED		March 1987 - Feb 2007
39	22 56 18.1	+62 01 46	109.8708	2.1133	G109.871+2.114	Cepheus A	22543+6145	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
40	23 02 31.8	+56 57 44	108.4700	-2.8199	G108.471-2.818	WB89-234H2O	23004+5642	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
41	23 13 44.7	+61 28 10	111.5409	0.7773	G111.542+0.769	Sh 2-158	23116+6111	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
42	23 16 10.3	+59 55 29	111.2556	-0.7696	G111.255-0.770	IRAS 23139+5939	23139+5939	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007
43	23 17 20.8	+59 28 47	111.2350	-1.2382	G111.236-1.238	IRAS 23151+5912	23151+5912	Image	22 GHz;	MED	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II -OH	SFR		March 1987 - Feb 2007

Distribution of sources in all sky (l,b)

Distribution of sources in all sky using Aladin

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Distribution of sources in IRAS color-color diagram

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Original color diagram is taken form van der Veen & Habing (1987)

Type	Description
I	Oxygen-rich non-variable stars without circumstellar shells
II	Variable stars with "young" O-rich circumstellar shells
IIIa	Variable stars with more evolved O-rich circumstellar shells
IIIb	Variable stars with thick O-rich circumstellar shells
IV	Variable stars with very thick O-rich circumstellar shells
V	Planetary nebulae and non- variable stars with very cool circumstellar shells
VIa	Variable stars with relatively cold dust at large distances; a significant part of the stars is carbon-rich
VIb	Variable stars with relatively hot dust close to the star and relatively cold dust at large distances; Some of the objects have proven to be O-rich
VII	Variable stars with more evolved C-rich circumstellar shells
VIII	Different sort of objects

Distribution of the detection velocities versus galactic longitude from FEL07

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