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PHI98 - Methanol masers and their environment at high resolution

Short title: Phillips et al. (1998)
Authors: Phillips, C. J.Norris, R. P.Ellingsen, S. P.McCulloch, P. M.
Journal: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 300, Issue 4, pp. 1131-1157.
Bibcode:

Target type: Known_Class_II
Transitions: CH3OH_6(II)

Abstract
We have used the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) to make high-resolution images of the 6.7-GHz 5_1-->6_0A^+ maser transition of methanol towards 33 sources in the Galactic plane. Including the results from 12 methanol sources in the literature, we find that 17 out of 45 sources have curved or linear morphology. Most of the 17 have a velocity gradient along the line, which is consistent with masers lying in an edge-on circumstellar disc surrounding a massive star. We also made simultaneous continuum observations of the sources at 8.6 GHz, in order to image any associated Hii region. 25 of the sources are associated with an ultracompact Hii region, with a detection limit of ~0.5mJybeam^-1. We argue that the methanol sources without an associated Hii region represent less massive embedded stars, not an earlier stage in the lifetime of the star, as previously suggested.

Abstract

We have used the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) to make high-resolution images of the 6.7-GHz 5_1-->6_0A^+ maser transition of methanol towards 33 sources in the Galactic plane. Including the results from 12 methanol sources in the literature, we find that 17 out of 45 sources have curved or linear morphology. Most of the 17 have a velocity gradient along the line, which is consistent with masers lying in an edge-on circumstellar disc surrounding a massive star. We also made simultaneous continuum observations of the sources at 8.6 GHz, in order to image any associated Hii region. 25 of the sources are associated with an ultracompact Hii region, with a detection limit of ~0.5mJybeam^-1. We argue that the methanol sources without an associated Hii region represent less massive embedded stars, not an earlier stage in the lifetime of the star, as previously suggested.

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Detection table from Phillips et al. (1998)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	Source name	Image	Descr.	Line	V_peak	F_peak	Telescope	Beam	Detection	Class	Distance	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)					CH₃OH (class II)	(km/s)	(Jy)		(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)	(kpc)
1	13 11 10.5	-62 34 38.9	305.2022	0.2072	G305.208+0.206	G305.202+0.207	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-43.9	27.7	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	6.200		1994 August - 1995 February
2	13 11 13.7	-62 34 41.4	305.2083	0.2061	G305.208+0.206	G305.208+0.206	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-38.3	327.8	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	6.200		1994 August - 1995 February
3	13 11 32.5	-62 32 9.2	305.2474	0.2454	G305.248+0.246	G305.247+0.245	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-32.1	2	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR	2.700		1994 August - 1995 February
4	13 43 1.8	-62 08 51.3	308.9179	0.1231	G308.918+0.123	G308.918+0.123	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-54.5	29.7	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	5.200		1994 August - 1995 February
5	13 50 41.8	-61 35 10.1	309.9205	0.4789	G309.921+0.479	G309.921+0.479	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-59.6	540.2	ATCA	1.5	-H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	5.300		1994 August - 1995 February
6	14 44 18.4	-59 55 11	316.6403	-0.0865	G316.640-0.087	G316.640-0.087	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-19.7	96.6	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	1.300		1994 August - 1995 February
7	15 31 45.4	-56 30 50.5	323.7400	-0.2627	G323.740-0.263	G323.740-0.263	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-51.2	2167.3	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED	3.300		1994 August - 1995 February
8	15 31 45.8	-56 30 50.6	323.7408	-0.2633	G323.740-0.263	G323.741-0.263	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-57.1	3.6	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED	3.700		1994 August - 1995 February
9	15 47 32.7	-53 52 38.5	327.1196	0.5108	G327.120+0.511	G327.120+0.511	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-87	73.6	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	5.500		1994 August - 1995 February
10	15 49 19.3	-53 45 14.4	327.4018	0.4446	G327.402+0.444	G327.402+0.445	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-75.3	11.6	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	4.800		1994 August - 1995 February
11	15 49 19.5	-53 45 13.9	327.4022	0.4445	G327.402+0.444	G327.402+0.444		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-82.4	92	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	5.200		1994 August - 1995 February
12	15 49 19.7	-53 45 14.6	327.4025	0.4440	G327.402+0.444	G327.402+0.444E		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-74	1.1	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	4.700		1994 August - 1995 February
13	15 57 58.3	-53 59 23.1	328.2364	-0.5473	G328.237-0.547	G328.236-0.547	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-44.6	376.2	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	3.000		1994 August - 1995 February
14	15 57 59.7	-53 58 0.8	328.2540	-0.5322	G328.237-0.547	G328.254-0.532	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-37.4	359.7	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	2.600		1994 August - 1995 February
15	16 10 59.7	-51 50 22.7	331.1318	-0.2439	G331.132-0.244	G331.132-0.244	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-85.5	21.1	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	5.200		1994 August - 1995 February
16	16 11 26.6	-51 41 57.1	331.2781	-0.1882	G331.278-0.188	G331.278-0.188	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-77.9	109.2	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	4.800		1994 August - 1995 February
17	16 29 27.4	-48 17 54.7	335.7262	0.1907	G335.726+0.191	G335.726+0.191	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-44.4	41.1	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH II	SFR	3.200		1994 August - 1995 February
18	16 29 47.3	-48 15 52.4	335.7889	0.1740	G335.789+0.174	G335.789+0.174	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-47.5	98.8	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	3.400		1994 August - 1995 February
19	16 34 11.3	-48 06 27.6	336.4045	-0.2544	G336.410-0.257	G336.404-0.254	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-85.3	0.5	ATCA	1.5	+CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED	5.200		1994 August - 1995 February
20	16 34 13.2	-48 06 20.8	336.4094	-0.2569	G336.410-0.257	G336.409-0.257		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-85.6	5.1	ATCA	1.5	+CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED	5.200		1994 August - 1995 February
21	16 34 13.2	-48 06 15.6	336.4104	-0.2559	G336.410-0.257	G336.410-0.256		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-93.2	3.2	ATCA	1.5	+CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED	5.500		1994 August - 1995 February
22	16 34 20.2	-48 05 32	336.4325	-0.2621	G336.433-0.262	G336.433-0.262		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-93.4	38.8	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH II	SFR	5.600		1994 August - 1995 February
23	16 38 9.5	-47 05 0.2	337.6124	-0.0597	G337.613-0.060	G337.612-0.060	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-43.1	21.4	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	3.300		1994 August - 1995 February
24	16 38 19.1	-47 04 53.9	337.6319	-0.0788	G337.632-0.079	G337.632-0.079	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-56.8	12.3	ATCA	1.5	+CH₃OH II	SFR	4.000		1994 August - 1995 February
25	16 38 29.1	-47 00 43.8	337.7026	-0.0535	G337.705-0.053	G337.703-0.054			6.6 GHz (II);	-44.2	4.2	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	3.400		1994 August - 1995 February
26	16 38 29.6	-47 00 35.7	337.7052	-0.0531	G337.705-0.053	G337.705-0.053	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-54.7	116.2	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	3.900		1994 August - 1995 February
27	16 42 15.5	-46 34 18.7	338.4604	-0.2448	G338.461-0.245	G338.460-0.245	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-50.5	68.1	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	3.700		1994 August - 1995 February
28	16 50 14.9	-44 42 26.6	340.7850	-0.0961	G340.785-0.096	G340.785-0.096	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-107	92.9	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	6.200		1994 August - 1995 February
29	17 19 20.4	-39 03 51.4	348.5498	-0.9788	G348.550-0.979	G348.550-0.979S		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-9.9	33.6	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	2.200		1994 August - 1995 February
30	17 19 20.5	-39 03 49.2	348.5504	-0.9785	G348.550-0.979	G348.550-0.979N	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-20.1	25.3	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	2.200		1994 August - 1995 February
31	17 30 26.2	-34 41 45.6	353.4098	-0.3601	G353.410-0.360	G353.410-0.360	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-20.2	59.4	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	3.900		1994 August - 1995 February
32	18 06 14.7	-20 31 31.6	9.6212	0.1958	G9.621+0.195	G9.621+0.196	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	1.2	2736	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	2.000		1994 August - 1995 February
33	18 06 14.9	-20 31 43.7	9.6188	0.1933	G9.621+0.195	G9.619+0.193		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	5.4	43.8	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	2.000		1994 August - 1995 February
34	15 00 55.3	-58 58 42	318.9492	-0.1935	G318.948-0.196	G318.949-0.193		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-34.7	700	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR			1994 August - 1995 February
35	15 55 48.4	-52 43 6.6	328.8083	0.6330	G328.809+0.633	G328.808+0.633		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-43.8	240	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR			1994 August - 1995 February
36	15 55 48.7	-52 43 5.7	328.8090	0.6328	G328.809+0.633	G328.809+0.633		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-44.2	53	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR			1994 August - 1995 February
37	16 52 4.7	-46 08 34.2	339.8840	-1.2588	G339.884-1.259	G339.878-1.252		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-38.7	1700	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR			1994 August - 1995 February
38	17 05 11.2	-41 29 6.9	345.0034	-0.2244	G345.003-0.223	G345.003-0.224		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-26.2	73	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR			1994 August - 1995 February
39	17 05 10.9	-41 29 6.2	345.0030	-0.2235	G345.003-0.223	G345.003-0.223		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-22.5	240	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR			1994 August - 1995 February
40	16 56 46.8	-40 14 8.9	345.0117	1.7972	G345.010+1.792	G345.012+1.797		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-12.7	31	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR			1994 August - 1995 February
41	16 56 47.6	-40 14 25.9	345.0095	1.7924	G345.010+1.792	G345.010+1.792		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-18	410	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR			1994 August - 1995 February
42	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.3	351.4169	0.6452	G351.417+0.645	NGC6334F		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-10.4	3300	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED			1994 August - 1995 February
43	17 20 53.2	-35 46 59.3	351.4169	0.6461	G351.417+0.645	NGC 6634F-NW		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-11.2	1500	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED			1994 August - 1995 February
44	17 20 54.6	-35 45 8.6	351.4450	0.6596	G351.446+0.660	G351.445+0.660		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-9.2	100	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR			1994 August - 1995 February
45	17 26 42.6	-36 09 17.6	351.7746	-0.5365	G351.775-0.537	G351.775-0.536		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	1.3	230	ATCA	1.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR			1994 August - 1995 February

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	GLIMPSE 360
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(met2_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(met2_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(met2_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(met2_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(met2_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(met2_data_all.l) as l,MAX(met2_data_all.b) as b,MAX(met2_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(met2_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(met2_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(met2_data_all.line) as line,MAX(met2_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(met2_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(met2_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(met2_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(met2_data_all.int) as int,MAX(met2_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(met2_data_all.units) as units,MAX(met2_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(met2_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(met2_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(met2_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(met2_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(met2_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(met2_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(met2_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(met2_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(met2_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(met2_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(met2_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(met2_data_all.url) as url,MAX(met2_data_all.image) as image,MAX(met2_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(met2_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(met2_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(met2_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(met2_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(met2_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM met2_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON met2_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON met2_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'PHI98' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select met2_data_all.ra_hms,met2_data_all.dec_dms,met2_data_all.source_name,met2_data_all.ra,met2_data_all.dec,met2_data_all.l,met2_data_all.b,met2_data_all.grp,met2_data_all.other_name,met2_data_all.other_desc,met2_data_all.thermal,met2_data_all.line,met2_data_all.vrange,met2_data_all.vpeak,met2_data_all.peak,met2_data_all.fwhm,met2_data_all.int,met2_data_all.rms,met2_data_all.units,met2_data_all.units_rms,met2_data_all.date_txt,met2_data_all.telescope_ref,met2_data_all.telescope_conf,met2_data_all.v_step,met2_data_all.beam,met2_data_all.beam_maj,met2_data_all.beam_min,met2_data_all.beam_pa,met2_data_all.ref,met2_data_all.list_ref,met2_data_all.ascii,met2_data_all.url,met2_data_all.image,met2_data_all.image2,met2_data_all.image3,met2_data_all.descr,met2_data_all.id,met2_data_all.mjy_flag,met2_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,met2_data_all.dist,met2_data_all.dist_parallax,met2_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM met2_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON met2_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON met2_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'PHI98' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

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PHI98 - Methanol masers and their environment at high resolution

View as list of objects

Detection table from Phillips et al. (1998)