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CAS96 - A Galactic Centre survey for 6.6-GHz methanol masers.

Short title: Caswell (1996)
Authors: Caswell, J. L.
Journal: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. Vol. 283, No. 2, p. 606 - 612
Bibcode:

Target type: Blind
Transitions: CH3OH_6(II)

Abstract
A new survey for 6.668-GHz methanol emission has been made over a 2-deg² area towards the Galactic Centre. 23 maser sites can now be recognized in the region. Most of them were known from previous searches, but the present observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array allow many to be positioned to subarcsec accuracy for the first time. Preliminary results from a new hydroxyl 1665-MHz survey of the same region show that the masers of hydroxyl and methanol mostly coincide. The methanol maser emission arises from the dusty envelopes of newly formed massive stars, and allows a census of these objects, unaffected by obscuration from either around the star or along the line of sight. The space density of the maser sites at the Galactic Centre is found to be similar to that in the spiral arms, implying that massive-star formation is neither enhanced nor suppressed in the Galactic Centre at the present time. However, these statistics are heavily influenced by the cluster of masers in the Sgr B2 complex which accounts for nearly half of the maser sites near the Galactic Centre.

Abstract

A new survey for 6.668-GHz methanol emission has been made over a 2-deg² area towards the Galactic Centre. 23 maser sites can now be recognized in the region. Most of them were known from previous searches, but the present observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array allow many to be positioned to subarcsec accuracy for the first time. Preliminary results from a new hydroxyl 1665-MHz survey of the same region show that the masers of hydroxyl and methanol mostly coincide.

The methanol maser emission arises from the dusty envelopes of newly formed massive stars, and allows a census of these objects, unaffected by obscuration from either around the star or along the line of sight. The space density of the maser sites at the Galactic Centre is found to be similar to that in the spiral arms, implying that massive-star formation is neither enhanced nor suppressed in the Galactic Centre at the present time. However, these statistics are heavily influenced by the cluster of masers in the Sgr B2 complex which accounts for nearly half of the maser sites near the Galactic Centre.

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Detection table from Caswell (1996)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	Source name	Image	Descr.	Line	V_range	V_peak	F_peak	Telescope	RMS	Beam	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)					CH₃OH (class II)	(km/s)	(km/s)	(Jy)		(Jy)	(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	17 43 25.7	-29 39 17.4	359.1375	0.0314	G359.137+0.031	359.138+0.031	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-7;0	-4	15.6 (8.3)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		1995 November 6
2	17 44 40.6	-29 28 16	359.4363	-0.1036	G359.4363-0.1033	359.436-0.104	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-53;-45	-52	26.8 (15)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		1995 November 6
3	17 44 40.2	-29 28 12.5	359.4363	-0.1019	G359.4363-0.1033	359.436-0.102	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-58;-53	-53.6	4.4 (2.5)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		1995 November 6
4	17 45 39.1	-29 23 30	359.6148	-0.2432	G359.615-0.243	359.615-0.243	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	14;27	22.5	88.7 (32.5)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1995 November 6
5	17 47 20.2	-29 11 59.4	359.9695	-0.4574	G359.970-0.457	359.970-0.457	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	20;23	23	1.3 (0.65)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		1995 November 6
6	17 46 7.6	-28 45 20.9	0.2118	-0.0009	G0.2118-0.0009	0.212-0.001	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	41;50	49.2	3.5 (1.27)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED		1995 November 6
7	17 47 9.1	-28 46 15.7	0.3154	-0.2008	G0.315-0.201	0.315-0.201	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	14;27	18	41.2 (19)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1995 November 6
8	17 47 9.3	-28 46 16	0.3157	-0.2015	G0.315-0.201	0.316-0.201	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	19.5;22	21	1.3 (0.6)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1995 November 6
9	17 46 21.3	-28 35 39.3	0.3758	0.0403	G0.3758+0.0401	0.376+0.040		Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	35;40	37	0.7	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O +OH	SFR		1995 November 6
10	17 46 41.1	-28 37 5.1	0.3931	-0.0340	G0.3998-0.0374	0.393-0.034	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	22.5;31	28.7	5.8 (2)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR		1995 November 6
11	17 46 04	-28 24 52.8	0.4962	0.1880	G0.4964+0.1880	0.496+0.188	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	-12;2	0.8	10.0 (3.65)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1995 November 6
12	17 47 18.7	-28 24 24.8	0.6450	-0.0420	G0.6449-0.0420	0.645-0.042	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	46;53	49.1	65.0 (25.5)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	-H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1995 November 6
13	17 47 22.1	-28 24 42.3	0.6473	-0.0552	G0.6473-0.0552	0.647-0.055			6.6 GHz (II);	49;52	51	3.4 (1)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	-H₂O +OH			1995 November 6
14	17 47 21.1	-28 24 18.1	0.6512	-0.0487	G0.6512-0.0487	0.651-0.049			6.6 GHz (II);	46;49	48	31.7 (10)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	-H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1995 November 6
15	17 47 20.1	-28 23 47.1	0.6566	-0.0410	G0.6577-0.0419	0.657-0.041			6.6 GHz (II);	48;56	52	3.0 (1.1)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O -OH	SFR		1995 November 6
16	17 47 20	-28 23 12.8	0.6647	-0.0359	G0.6665-0.0349	0.665-0.036	Image		6.6 GHz (II);	58;62	60.4	2.1 (0.6)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O +OH			1995 November 6
17	17 47 18.7	-28 22 54.5	0.6664	-0.0290	G0.6665-0.0349	0.666-0.029			6.6 GHz (II);	68;73	72.2	33.7 (10.5)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O +OH			1995 November 6
18	17 47 19.9	-28 23 1.3	0.6671	-0.0337	G0.6665-0.0349	0.667-0.034			6.6 GHz (II);	49;56	55.2	0.4	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O +OH			1995 November 6
19	17 47 20	-28 22 41.7	0.6720	-0.0314	G0.6665-0.0349	0.672-0.031			6.6 GHz (II);	55;59	58.2	4.5 (1.2)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O +OH			1995 November 6
20	17 47 19.5	-28 22 32.6	0.6733	-0.0286	G0.6665-0.0349	0.673-0.029			6.6 GHz (II);		66	0.4	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O +OH			1995 November 6
21	17 47 19.3	-28 22 14.6	0.6771	-0.0252	G0.6771-0.0253	0.677-0.025			6.6 GHz (II);	70;77	73.4	4.4 (1.3)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		1995 November 6
22	17 47 24.8	-28 21 43.2	0.6949	-0.0378	G0.6948-0.0378	0.695-0.038			6.6 GHz (II);	64;75	68.5	26 (10)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	-H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1995 November 6
23	17 46 52.9	-28 07 34.8	0.8358	0.1844	G0.8358+0.1844	0.836+0.184	Image	Descr	6.6 GHz (II);	2;4	3.5	8.1 (3.1)	ATCA	0.330	2 x 4	+H₂O +CH₃OH II	SFR		1995 November 6

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	GLIMPSE 360
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(met2_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(met2_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(met2_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(met2_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(met2_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(met2_data_all.l) as l,MAX(met2_data_all.b) as b,MAX(met2_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(met2_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(met2_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(met2_data_all.line) as line,MAX(met2_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(met2_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(met2_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(met2_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(met2_data_all.int) as int,MAX(met2_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(met2_data_all.units) as units,MAX(met2_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(met2_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(met2_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(met2_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(met2_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(met2_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(met2_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(met2_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(met2_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(met2_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(met2_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(met2_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(met2_data_all.url) as url,MAX(met2_data_all.image) as image,MAX(met2_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(met2_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(met2_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(met2_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(met2_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(met2_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM met2_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON met2_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON met2_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'CAS96' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select met2_data_all.ra_hms,met2_data_all.dec_dms,met2_data_all.source_name,met2_data_all.ra,met2_data_all.dec,met2_data_all.l,met2_data_all.b,met2_data_all.grp,met2_data_all.other_name,met2_data_all.other_desc,met2_data_all.thermal,met2_data_all.line,met2_data_all.vrange,met2_data_all.vpeak,met2_data_all.peak,met2_data_all.fwhm,met2_data_all.int,met2_data_all.rms,met2_data_all.units,met2_data_all.units_rms,met2_data_all.date_txt,met2_data_all.telescope_ref,met2_data_all.telescope_conf,met2_data_all.v_step,met2_data_all.beam,met2_data_all.beam_maj,met2_data_all.beam_min,met2_data_all.beam_pa,met2_data_all.ref,met2_data_all.list_ref,met2_data_all.ascii,met2_data_all.url,met2_data_all.image,met2_data_all.image2,met2_data_all.image3,met2_data_all.descr,met2_data_all.id,met2_data_all.mjy_flag,met2_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,met2_data_all.dist,met2_data_all.dist_parallax,met2_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM met2_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON met2_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON met2_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'CAS96' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

Display data from paper

CAS96 - A Galactic Centre survey for 6.6-GHz methanol masers.

View as list of objects

Detection table from Caswell (1996)