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TRI03 - A Study of the Variability of Water Maser Emission in a Sample of Young Stellar Objects

Short title: Trinidad et al. (2003)
Authors: Trinidad, M. A.Rojas, V.Plascencia, J. C.Ricalde, A.Curiel, S.RodrÃ�guez, L. F.
Journal: Revista Mexicana de AstronomÃ�a y AstrofÃ�sica Vol. 39, pp. 311-330 (2003) (http://www.astroscu.unam.mx/~rmaa/)
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Target type: YSO
Transitions: H2O_22

Abstract
We present results of water maser observations in a sample of young stellar objects. The observations were made using the Haystack 37 m antenna during a span of time of about eight months. The sample was selected to study the variability of the water maser emission in young sources with far-infrared luminosities between 260 and 2.5×10^4 L[sun]. The results are shown in a series of plots that allow the analysis of the variation of the maser emission and to discuss the global properties of the sample. The results show that in all the observed sources the water maser emission varies with time. Based on the observed variability, the sample shows two kinds of behavior. About half of the sources show large variations in the peak flux density of at least one feature (by more than an order of magnitude) in time spans between one and several months, while in all the sources there is more than one feature where the changes in peak flux density are smaller (by less than a factor of 10) but in similar time scales. Finally, the variability of the observed water maser emission does not show a clear periodicity pattern in time and we do not find a clear relationship between the luminosity of the sources and the water maser variability. >From a statistical point of view, the H[2]O maser variability can be described as due to small (10%) Gaussian fluctuations in the line opacity.

Abstract

We present results of water maser observations in a sample of young stellar objects. The observations were made using the Haystack 37 m antenna during a span of time of about eight months. The sample was selected to study the variability of the water maser emission in young sources with far-infrared luminosities between 260 and 2.5×10^4 L[sun]. The results are shown in a series of plots that allow the analysis of the variation of the maser emission and to discuss the global properties of the sample. The results show that in all the observed sources the water maser emission varies with time. Based on the observed variability, the sample shows two kinds of behavior. About half of the sources show large variations in the peak flux density of at least one feature (by more than an order of magnitude) in time spans between one and several months, while in all the sources there is more than one feature where the changes in peak flux density are smaller (by less than a factor of 10) but in similar time scales. Finally, the variability of the observed water maser emission does not show a clear periodicity pattern in time and we do not find a clear relationship between the luminosity of the sources and the water maser variability. >From a statistical point of view, the H[2]O maser variability can be described as due to small (10%) Gaussian fluctuations in the line opacity.

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Detection table from Trinidad et al. (2003)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	Source name	Image	Descr.	Line	V_range	V_peak	F_peak	Telescope	Beam	Detection	Class	Distance	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)					H₂O	(km/s)	(km/s)	(Jy)		(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)	(kpc)
1	05 37 53.1	+31 59 34.6	176.5243	0.1994	G176.517+0.182	AFGL5157	Image		22 GHz;	-23;-13	-17	42.9	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +OH -SiO	SFR_MIXED	1.800		Dec 2000 - Jul 2001
2	05 39 12.8	+35 45 51.1	173.4813	2.4454	G173.481+2.446	S233	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	-18;-13.7	-17.5	157	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	1.800		Dec 2000 - Jul 2001
3	06 09 7.8	+21 50 38.7	188.7959	1.0331	G188.796+1.033	AFGL5182	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	-10.6;17	-7.3	95.8	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR	1.500		Dec 2000 - Jul 2001
4	20 07 5.4	+27 29 33.9	65.7872	-2.6021	G65.780-2.612	IRAS20050+2720	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	-8;8.2	2.4	2842	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED	0.700		Dec 2000 - Jul 2001
5	20 14 26	+41 13 32.5	78.1222	3.6328	G78.122+3.633	IRAS20126+4104	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	-25;-1	-15.1	255	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	1.600		Dec 2000 - Jul 2001
6	20 27 25.3	+37 22 47.8	76.3805	-0.6175	G76.381-0.618	S106FIR	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	-14.5;-9	-11.8	46	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	0.600		Dec 2000 - Jul 2001
7	20 29 24.8	+40 11 19.9	78.8867	0.7090	G78.887+0.709	AFGL2591	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	-27;-6	-24.7	330	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR	1.000		Dec 2000 - Jul 2001
8	21 43 6.3	+66 06 55.1	105.4150	9.8784	G105.405+9.877	LkHa234	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	-25;-5	-9	98.1	HAYS	90	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED	1.000		Dec 2000 - Jul 2001
9	22 19 18.1	+63 18 46.3	106.7965	5.3120	G106.797+5.312	S140IRS	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	-25;5	4.2	15.4	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	0.900		Dec 2000 - Jul 2001
10	22 56 17.9	+62 01 48.3	109.8708	2.1140	G109.871+2.114	CEPHEUS A	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	-24;-2	-9.7	7368	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	0.700		Dec 2000 - Jul 2001
11	23 16 10.3	+59 55 28.8	111.2556	-0.7697	G111.255-0.770	IRAS23139+5939	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	-54.5;-6.5	-52.6	243	HAYS	90	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR	3.500		Dec 2000 - Jul 2001

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	GLIMPSE 360
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(h2o_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(h2o_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(h2o_data_all.l) as l,MAX(h2o_data_all.b) as b,MAX(h2o_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(h2o_data_all.line) as line,MAX(h2o_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(h2o_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(h2o_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(h2o_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(h2o_data_all.int) as int,MAX(h2o_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.units) as units,MAX(h2o_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(h2o_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(h2o_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(h2o_data_all.url) as url,MAX(h2o_data_all.image) as image,MAX(h2o_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(h2o_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(h2o_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(h2o_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(h2o_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'TRI03' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select h2o_data_all.ra_hms,h2o_data_all.dec_dms,h2o_data_all.source_name,h2o_data_all.ra,h2o_data_all.dec,h2o_data_all.l,h2o_data_all.b,h2o_data_all.grp,h2o_data_all.other_name,h2o_data_all.other_desc,h2o_data_all.thermal,h2o_data_all.line,h2o_data_all.vrange,h2o_data_all.vpeak,h2o_data_all.peak,h2o_data_all.fwhm,h2o_data_all.int,h2o_data_all.rms,h2o_data_all.units,h2o_data_all.units_rms,h2o_data_all.date_txt,h2o_data_all.telescope_ref,h2o_data_all.telescope_conf,h2o_data_all.v_step,h2o_data_all.beam,h2o_data_all.beam_maj,h2o_data_all.beam_min,h2o_data_all.beam_pa,h2o_data_all.ref,h2o_data_all.list_ref,h2o_data_all.ascii,h2o_data_all.url,h2o_data_all.image,h2o_data_all.image2,h2o_data_all.image3,h2o_data_all.descr,h2o_data_all.id,h2o_data_all.mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.dist,h2o_data_all.dist_parallax,h2o_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'TRI03' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

Display data from paper

TRI03 - A Study of the Variability of Water Maser Emission in a Sample of Young Stellar Objects

View as list of objects

Detection table from Trinidad et al. (2003)