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ELL18 - The first high-resolution observations of 37.7-, 38.3-, and 38.5-GHz methanol masers

Interferometry data

Short title: Ellingsen et al. (2018)
Authors: Ellingsen, S. P. Voronkov, M. A. Breen, S. L. Caswell, J. L. Sobolev, A. M.
Journal: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 480, Issue 4, p.4851-4872
Bibcode:

Target type: High_mass_SFR
Transitions: CH3OH_36(I),CH3OH_84(I),CH3OH_95(I),CH3OH_37(II),CH3OH_38(II)

Abstract
We have used the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) to undertake the first high-angular-resolution observations of 37.7-GHz (7_-2 --> 8_-1E) methanol masers towards a sample of 11 high-mass star formation regions which host strong 6.7-GHz methanol masers. The 37.7-GHz methanol sites are coincident to within the astrometric uncertainty (0.4 arcsec) with the 6.7-GHz methanol masers associated with the same star formation region. However, spatial and spectral comparison of the 6.7- and 37.7-GHz maser emission within individual sources shows that the 37.7-GHz masers are less often, or to a lesser degree co-spatial than are the 12.2-GHz and 6.7-GHz masers. We also made sensitive, high-angular-resolution observations of the 38.3- and 38.5-GHz class II methanol transitions (6₂ --> 5₃A^- and 6₂ --> 5₃A⁺, respectively) and the 36.2-GHz (4_-1 --> 3₀E) class I methanol transition towards the same sample of 11 sources. The 37.7-, 38.3-, and 38.5-GHz methanol masers are unresolved in the current observations, which implies a lower limit on the brightness temperature of the strongest masers of more than 10⁶ K. We detected the 38.3-GHz methanol transition towards seven sources, five of which are new detections and detected the 38.5-GHz transition towards six sources, four of which are new detections. We detected 36.2-GHz class I methanol masers towards all 11 sources, 6 of these are new detections for this transition, of which 4 sources do not have previously reported class I methanol masers from any transition. eprintid: arXiv:1808.02143

Abstract

We have used the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) to undertake the first high-angular-resolution observations of 37.7-GHz (7_-2 --> 8_-1E) methanol masers towards a sample of 11 high-mass star formation regions which host strong 6.7-GHz methanol masers. The 37.7-GHz methanol sites are coincident to within the astrometric uncertainty (0.4 arcsec) with the 6.7-GHz methanol masers associated with the same star formation region. However, spatial and spectral comparison of the 6.7- and 37.7-GHz maser emission within individual sources shows that the 37.7-GHz masers are less often, or to a lesser degree co-spatial than are the 12.2-GHz and 6.7-GHz masers. We also made sensitive, high-angular-resolution observations of the 38.3- and 38.5-GHz class II methanol transitions (6₂ --> 5₃A^- and 6₂ --> 5₃A⁺, respectively) and the 36.2-GHz (4_-1 --> 3₀E) class I methanol transition towards the same sample of 11 sources. The 37.7-, 38.3-, and 38.5-GHz methanol masers are unresolved in the current observations, which implies a lower limit on the brightness temperature of the strongest masers of more than 10⁶ K. We detected the 38.3-GHz methanol transition towards seven sources, five of which are new detections and detected the 38.5-GHz transition towards six sources, four of which are new detections. We detected 36.2-GHz class I methanol masers towards all 11 sources, 6 of these are new detections for this transition, of which 4 sources do not have previously reported class I methanol masers from any transition. eprintid:

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Detection table from Ellingsen et al. (2018)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	RA offset	Dec offset	l	b	Group id	#	Source name	Image	Line	V_range	V_peak	F_peak	∫F dv	Telescope	RMS	Beam	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(mas)	(mas)	(deg.)	(deg.)					CH₃OH (class II)	(km/s)	(km/s)	(Jy)	(Jy*km/s)		(mJy)	(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	+15 00 55.29	-58 58 52.1			318.947748	-0.195902	G318.948-0.196		G318.948-0.196	Image	38.4 GHz (II);	-37;-30.5	-35	0.12	..	ATCA	9.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011 March 24
	+15 00 55.29	-58 58 52.1	0 mas	0 mas	318.947748	-0.195902		1	G318.948-0.196			-37;-30.5	-35	0.12
2	+15 31 45.41	-56 30 49.3			323.740173	-0.262399	G323.740-0.263		G323.740-0.263	Image	38.4 GHz (II);	-54;-48.5	-50	0.22	..	ATCA	9.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		2011 March 24
	+15 31 45.41	-56 30 49.3	0 mas	0 mas	323.740173	-0.262399		1	G323.740-0.263			-54;-48.5	-50	0.22
3	+16 38 29.7	-47 00 35.1			337.70551	-0.053155	G337.705-0.053		G337.705-0.053	Image	38.4 GHz (II);	-51;-47	-49	-0.1	..	ATCA	5.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011 March 24
	+16 38 29.7	-47 00 35.1	0 mas	0 mas	337.705510	-0.053155		1	G337.705-0.053			-51;-47	-49	-0.1
4	+16 52 4.7	-46 08 35			339.883887	-1.259	G339.884-1.259		G339.884-1.259	Image	38.4 GHz (II);	-39;-33.5	-38.3	0.69	..	ATCA	13.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011 March 24
	+16 52 4.7	-46 08 35	0 mas	0 mas	339.883887	-1.259000		1	G339.884-1.259			-39;-33.5	-38.3	0.69
5	+16 56 47.57	-40 14 26.1			345.009409	1.792391	G345.010+1.792		G345.010+1.792	Image	38.4 GHz (II);	-23.3;-16.8	-22.3	5.94	..	ATCA	9.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011 March 24
	+16 56 47.57	-40 14 26.1	0 mas	0 mas	345.009409	1.792391		1	G345.010+1.792			-23.3;-16.8	-22.3	5.94
6	+17 20 53.37	-35 47 02			351.416695	0.645122	G351.417+0.645		NGC6334F	Image	38.4 GHz (II);	-13.5;-3.5	-10.5	151	..	ATCA	13.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		2011 March 24
	+17 20 53.37	-35 47 02	0 mas	0 mas	351.416695	0.645122		1	NGC6334F			-13.5;-3.5	-10.5	151
7	+15 00 55.35	-58 58 52.2			318.947848	-0.195988	G318.948-0.196		G318.948-0.196		38.2 GHz (II);	-36;-32	-34.5	0.14	..	ATCA	8.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011 March 24
	+15 00 55.35	-58 58 52.2	0 mas	0 mas	318.947848	-0.195988		1	G318.948-0.196			-36;-32	-34.5	0.14
8	+15 31 45.39	-56 30 49.8			323.740056	-0.262487	G323.740-0.263		G323.740-0.263		38.2 GHz (II);	-54;-48.5	-50.2	0.28	..	ATCA	8.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		2011 March 24
	+15 31 45.39	-56 30 49.8	0 mas	0 mas	323.740056	-0.262487		1	G323.740-0.263			-54;-48.5	-50.2	0.28
9	+16 38 29.7	-47 00 35.1			337.70551	-0.053155	G337.705-0.053		G337.705-0.053		38.2 GHz (II);	-51;-47	-49.5	-0.08	..	ATCA	5.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011 March 24
	+16 38 29.7	-47 00 35.1	0 mas	0 mas	337.705510	-0.053155		1	G337.705-0.053			-51;-47	-49.5	-0.08
10	+16 52 4.71	-46 08 34.8			339.883949	-1.258987	G339.884-1.259		G339.884-1.259		38.2 GHz (II);	-39;-33	-38.3	0.93	..	ATCA	15.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011 March 24
	+16 52 4.71	-46 08 34.8	0 mas	0 mas	339.883949	-1.258987		1	G339.884-1.259			-39;-33	-38.3	0.93
11	+16 56 47.59	-40 14 25.6			345.009557	1.792428	G345.010+1.792		G345.010+1.792		38.2 GHz (II);	-24;-16.5	-22.3	9.3	..	ATCA	13.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011 March 24
	+16 56 47.59	-40 14 25.6	0 mas	0 mas	345.009557	1.792428		1	G345.010+1.792			-24;-16.5	-22.3	9.3
12	+17 20 53.37	-35 47 02			351.416695	0.645122	G351.417+0.645		NGC6334F		38.2 GHz (II);	-13;-3	-10.5	126	..	ATCA	12.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		2011 March 24
	+17 20 53.37	-35 47 02	0 mas	0 mas	351.416695	0.645122		1	NGC6334F			-13;-3	-10.5	126
13	+18 06 14.6	-20 31 31.4			9.621135	0.196038	G9.621+0.195		G9.621+0.196		38.2 GHz (II);	-1.5;-0.5	-1	0.22	..	ATCA	8.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011 March 24
	+18 06 14.6	-20 31 31.4	0 mas	0 mas	9.621135	0.196038		1	G9.621+0.196			-1.5;-0.5	-1	0.22
14	+15 00 55.32	-58 58 51.9			318.947831	-0.195884	G318.948-0.196		G318.948-0.196		37 GHz (II);	-36;-31.5	-34.2	5.9	..	ATCA	23.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011 March 24
	+15 00 55.32	-58 58 51.9	0 mas	0 mas	318.947831	-0.195884		1	G318.948-0.196			-36;-31.5	-34.2	5.9
15	+15 31 45.39	-56 30 49.3			323.740135	-0.262373	G323.740-0.263		G323.740-0.263		37 GHz (II);	-54.5;-48.3	-51.2	16.1	..	ATCA	23.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		2011 March 24
	+15 31 45.39	-56 30 49.3	0 mas	0 mas	323.740135	-0.262373		1	G323.740-0.263			-54.5;-48.3	-51.2	16.1
16	+16 38 29.65	-47 00 35.9			337.70525	-0.053197	G337.705-0.053		G337.705-0.053		37 GHz (II);	-56;-52.3	-55	2	..	ATCA	23.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011 March 24
	+16 38 29.65	-47 00 35.9	0 mas	0 mas	337.705250	-0.053197		1	G337.705-0.053			-56;-52.3	-55	2
17	+16 52 4.7	-46 08 34.6			339.883973	-1.258929	G339.884-1.259		G339.884-1.259		37 GHz (II);	-41.5;-33	-38.7	280	..	ATCA	23.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011 March 24
	+16 52 4.7	-46 08 34.6	0 mas	0 mas	339.883973	-1.258929		1	G339.884-1.259			-41.5;-33	-38.7	280
18	+16 50 14.83	-44 42 26.5			340.784968	-0.095977	G340.785-0.096		G340.785-0.096	Image	37 GHz (II);	-107.3;-99	-105.5	14.4	..	ATCA	24.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011 March 24
	+16 50 14.83	-44 42 26.5	0 mas	0 mas	340.784968	-0.095977		1	G340.785-0.096			-107.3;-99	-105.5	14.4
19	+16 56 47.57	-40 14 25.5			345.009539	1.792495	G345.010+1.792		G345.010+1.792		37 GHz (II);	-25.2;-11.5	-22	181	..	ATCA	24.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011 March 24
	+16 56 47.57	-40 14 25.5	0 mas	0 mas	345.009539	1.792495		1	G345.010+1.792			-25.2;-11.5	-22	181
20	+17 20 4.04	-38 58 31.1			348.703656	-1.043616	G348.704-1.039		G348.703-1.043	Image	37 GHz (II);	-3.7;-3	-3.5	2.2	..	ATCA	24.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH			2011 March 24
	+17 20 4.04	-38 58 31.1	0 mas	0 mas	348.703656	-1.043616		1	G348.703-1.043			-3.7;-3	-3.5	2.2
21	+17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.9			351.416776	0.645055	G351.417+0.645		NGC6334F	Image	37 GHz (II);	-12.5;-5.3	-10.8	38.9	..	ATCA	24.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		2011 March 24
	+17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.9	0 mas	0 mas	351.416776	0.645055		1	NGC6334F			-12.5;-5.3	-10.8	38.9
22	+18 06 14.65	-20 31 31.9			9.621109	0.1958	G9.621+0.195		G9.621+0.196		37 GHz (II);	-2.3;4.0	-1	14.9	..	ATCA	24.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011 March 24
	+18 06 14.65	-20 31 31.9	0 mas	0 mas	9.621109	0.195800		1	G9.621+0.196			-2.3;4.0	-1	14.9
23	+18 34 39.19	-08 31 25.8			23.439783	-0.182402	G23.437-0.184		G23.440-0.182		37 GHz (II);	96.3;98.8	98	1.1	..	ATCA	24.000	3 x 5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011 March 24
	+18 34 39.19	-08 31 25.8	0 mas	0 mas	23.439783	-0.182402		1	G23.440-0.182			96.3;98.8	98	1.1

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	GLIMPSE 360
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(met2_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(met2_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(met2_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(met2_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(met2_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(met2_data_all.l) as l,MAX(met2_data_all.b) as b,MAX(met2_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(met2_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(met2_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(met2_data_all.line) as line,MAX(met2_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(met2_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(met2_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(met2_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(met2_data_all.int) as int,MAX(met2_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(met2_data_all.units) as units,MAX(met2_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(met2_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(met2_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(met2_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(met2_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(met2_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(met2_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(met2_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(met2_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(met2_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(met2_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(met2_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(met2_data_all.url) as url,MAX(met2_data_all.image) as image,MAX(met2_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(met2_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(met2_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(met2_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(met2_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(met2_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM met2_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON met2_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON met2_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'ELL18' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select met2_data_all.ra_hms,met2_data_all.dec_dms,met2_data_all.source_name,met2_data_all.ra,met2_data_all.dec,met2_data_all.l,met2_data_all.b,met2_data_all.grp,met2_data_all.other_name,met2_data_all.other_desc,met2_data_all.thermal,met2_data_all.line,met2_data_all.vrange,met2_data_all.vpeak,met2_data_all.peak,met2_data_all.fwhm,met2_data_all.int,met2_data_all.rms,met2_data_all.units,met2_data_all.units_rms,met2_data_all.date_txt,met2_data_all.telescope_ref,met2_data_all.telescope_conf,met2_data_all.v_step,met2_data_all.beam,met2_data_all.beam_maj,met2_data_all.beam_min,met2_data_all.beam_pa,met2_data_all.ref,met2_data_all.list_ref,met2_data_all.ascii,met2_data_all.url,met2_data_all.image,met2_data_all.image2,met2_data_all.image3,met2_data_all.descr,met2_data_all.id,met2_data_all.mjy_flag,met2_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,met2_data_all.dist,met2_data_all.dist_parallax,met2_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM met2_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON met2_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON met2_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'ELL18' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

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ELL18 - The first high-resolution observations of 37.7-, 38.3-, and 38.5-GHz methanol masers

Interferometry data

View as list of objects

Detection table from Ellingsen et al. (2018)