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H
2
O
MEN08 - A multi-transition submillimeter water maser study of evolved stars. Detection of a new line near 475 GHz
Short title
: Menten et al. (2008)
Authors
: Menten, K. M.Lundgren, A.Belloche, A.Thorwirth, S.Reid, M. J.
Journal
: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 477, Issue 1, January I 2008, pp.185-192
Bibcode
:
2008A&A...477..185M
Target type
: star,pAGB_PN
Transitions
: H2O_22,H2O_321,H2O_325,H2O_437,H2O_439,H2O_470,H2O_474
Abstract
Context: Maser emission from the H2O molecule probes the warm, inner circumstellar envelopes of oxygen-rich red giant and supergiant stars. Multi-maser transition studies can be used to put constraints on the density and temperature of the emission regions.
Aims: A number of known H2O maser lines were observed toward the long period variables R Leo and W Hya and the red supergiant VY CMa. A search for a new, not yet detected line near 475 GHz was conducted toward these stars.
Methods: The Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope was used for a multi-transition observational study of submillimeter H2O lines.
Results: The 5
33
-4
40
transition near 475 GHz was clearly detected toward VY CMa and W Hya. Many other H2O lines were detected toward all three target stars. Relative line intensity ratios and velocity widths were found to vary significantly from star to star.
Conclusions: Maser action is observed in all but one line for which it was theoretically predicted. In contrast, one of the strongest maser lines, in R Leo by far the strongest, the 437 GHz 7
53
-6
60
transition, is not predicted to be inverted. Some other qualitative predictions of the model calculations are at variance with our observations. Plausible reasons for this are discussed. Based on our findings for W Hya and VY CMa, we find evidence that the H2O masers in the AGB star W Hya arise from the regular circumstellar outflow, while shock excitation in a high velocity flow seems to be required to excite masers far from the red supergiant VY CMa.
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Table (CSV)
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Detection table from Menten et al. (2008)
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individual components
ID
Obs. RA
Obs. Dec
l
b
Group id
Source name
Image
Line
V
range
V
peak
F
peak
∫F dv
Telescope
Beam
Detection
Class
Dist. (parallax)
Date
(J2000)
(J2000)
(deg.)
(deg.)
H
2
O
(km/s)
(km/s)
(Jy)
(Jy*km/s)
(arcsec)
Yes
/
No
(kpc)
1
09 47 33.5
+11 25 43.8
223.7207
44.1598
G223.721+44.160
R Leo
Image
321 GHz
;
-2.7;2.5
0.4
111
186 (6)
APEX
20
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
2
09 47 33.5
+11 25 43.8
223.7207
44.1598
G223.721+44.160
R Leo
437 GHz
;
-1.4;2.4
0.53
8074
8452 (19)
APEX
13
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
3
09 47 33.5
+11 25 43.8
223.7207
44.1598
G223.721+44.160
R Leo
439 GHz
;
-0.4;3.1
2
35
87 (7)
APEX
13
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
4
09 47 33.5
+11 25 43.8
223.7207
44.1598
G223.721+44.160
R Leo
470 GHz
;
-0.2;2.7
2
59
95 (24)
APEX
13
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
5
09 47 33.5
+11 25 43.8
223.7207
44.1598
G223.721+44.160
R Leo
22 GHz
;
-1.3;3.2
1.1
5
7.0 (0.1)
EFF
40
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 27
6
13 49 02
-28 22 2.9
318.0224
32.8109
G318.022+32.811
W Hya
Image
321 GHz
;
39;45
41
29
90 (13)
APEX
20
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
7
13 49 02
-28 22 2.9
318.0224
32.8109
G318.022+32.811
W Hya
325 GHz
;
37;43
41
339
871 (55)
APEX
20
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
8
13 49 02
-28 22 2.9
318.0224
32.8109
G318.022+32.811
W Hya
437 GHz
;
37;43
42
29
50 (8)
APEX
13
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
9
13 49 02
-28 22 2.9
318.0224
32.8109
G318.022+32.811
W Hya
439 GHz
;
37;43
39
18
56 (12)
APEX
13
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
10
13 49 02
-28 22 2.9
318.0224
32.8109
G318.022+32.811
W Hya
474 GHz
;
38;44
40
54
213 (30)
APEX
13
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
11
13 49 02
-28 22 2.9
318.0224
32.8109
G318.022+32.811
W Hya
22 GHz
;
37.7;43.9
41
87
116.0 (0.4)
EFF
40
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 27
12
07 22 58.3
-25 46 2.8
239.3524
-5.0655
G239.352-5.065
VY CMa
Image
321 GHz
;
5;42
21.4
238
859 (21)
APEX
20
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
13
07 22 58.3
-25 46 2.8
239.3524
-5.0655
G239.352-5.065
VY CMa
325 GHz
;
-7;54
15
220
3836 (132)
APEX
20
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
14
07 22 58.3
-25 46 2.8
239.3524
-5.0655
G239.352-5.065
VY CMa
437 GHz
;
-19.1;35.5
21.5
1015
6913 (49)
APEX
13
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
15
07 22 58.3
-25 46 2.8
239.3524
-5.0655
G239.352-5.065
VY CMa
439 GHz
;
-2;41
15
153
2425 (38)
APEX
13
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
16
07 22 58.3
-25 46 2.8
239.3524
-5.0655
G239.352-5.065
VY CMa
470 GHz
;
-5.5;40.2
18.4
509
4171 (65)
APEX
13
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
17
07 22 58.3
-25 46 2.8
239.3524
-5.0655
G239.352-5.065
VY CMa
474 GHz
;
-7;48
19
171
2798 (55)
APEX
13
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
18
07 22 58.3
-25 46 2.8
239.3524
-5.0655
G239.352-5.065
VY CMa
22 GHz
;
-5.1;45.4
17.9
4064
5993 (1)
EFF
40
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 27
Non-detection table from Menten et al. (2008)
Export table to csv
Hide
/
Show
individual components
ID
Obs. RA
Obs. Dec
l
b
Group id
Source name
Line
F
peak
∫F dv
Telescope
Beam
Detection
Class
Date
(J2000)
(J2000)
(deg.)
(deg.)
H
2
O
(Jy)
(Jy*km/s)
(arcsec)
Yes
/
No
1
09 47 33.5
+11 25 43.8
223.7207
44.1598
G223.721+44.160
R Leo
325 GHz
;
<105
<159
APEX
20
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
2
09 47 33.5
+11 25 43.8
223.7207
44.1598
G223.721+44.160
R Leo
443 GHz
;
<63
<90
APEX
13
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
3
09 47 33.5
+11 25 43.8
223.7207
44.1598
G223.721+44.160
R Leo
474 GHz
;
<108
<171
APEX
13
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
4
07 22 58.3
-25 46 2.8
239.3524
-5.0655
G239.352-5.065
VY CMa
355 GHz
;
<3
<15
APEX
20
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2005 July/August
5
07 22 58.3
-25 46 2.8
239.3524
-5.0655
G239.352-5.065
VY CMa
443 GHz
;
<54
<270
APEX
13
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
-CH
3
OH II
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
2006 June 7 - 19
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WISE colored
SDSS color
IRAC color I1,I2,I4
GLIMPSE 360
PACS color (70-160 um)
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NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um
ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck
Bolocam 1.1 mm
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select MAX(h2o_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(h2o_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(h2o_data_all.l) as l,MAX(h2o_data_all.b) as b,MAX(h2o_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(h2o_data_all.line) as line,MAX(h2o_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(h2o_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(h2o_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(h2o_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(h2o_data_all.int) as int,MAX(h2o_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.units) as units,MAX(h2o_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(h2o_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(h2o_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(h2o_data_all.url) as url,MAX(h2o_data_all.image) as image,MAX(h2o_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(h2o_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(h2o_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(h2o_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(h2o_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line" WHERE ref ilike 'MEN08' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref
select h2o_data_all.ra_hms,h2o_data_all.dec_dms,h2o_data_all.source_name,h2o_data_all.ra,h2o_data_all.dec,h2o_data_all.l,h2o_data_all.b,h2o_data_all.grp,h2o_data_all.other_name,h2o_data_all.other_desc,h2o_data_all.thermal,h2o_data_all.line,h2o_data_all.vrange,h2o_data_all.vpeak,h2o_data_all.peak,h2o_data_all.fwhm,h2o_data_all.int,h2o_data_all.rms,h2o_data_all.units,h2o_data_all.units_rms,h2o_data_all.date_txt,h2o_data_all.telescope_ref,h2o_data_all.telescope_conf,h2o_data_all.v_step,h2o_data_all.beam,h2o_data_all.beam_maj,h2o_data_all.beam_min,h2o_data_all.beam_pa,h2o_data_all.ref,h2o_data_all.list_ref,h2o_data_all.ascii,h2o_data_all.url,h2o_data_all.image,h2o_data_all.image2,h2o_data_all.image3,h2o_data_all.descr,h2o_data_all.id,h2o_data_all.mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.dist,h2o_data_all.dist_parallax,h2o_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line" WHERE ref ilike 'MEN08' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id
