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VLE14 - From the ashes: JVLA observations of water fountain nebula candidates show the rebirth of IRAS 18455+0448
Short title
: Vlemmings et al. (2014)
Authors
: Vlemmings, W. H. T. Amiri, N. van Langevelde, H. J. Tafoya, D.
Journal
: Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 569, id.A92,
8
pp.
Bibcode
:
2014A&A...569A..92V
Target type
: pAGB_PN
Abstract
Context. The class of water fountain nebulae is thought to represent the stage of the earliest onset of collimated bipolar outflows during the post-asymptotic giant branch phase. They thus play a crucial role in the study of the formation of bipolar planetary nebulae (PNe). To date, 14 water fountain nebulae have been identified. The identification of more sources in this unique stage of stellar evolution will enable us to study the origin of bipolar PNe morphologies in more detail.
Aims: Water fountain candidates can be identified based on the often double peaked 22 GHz H
2
O maser spectrum with a large separation between the maser peaks (often >100 km s
-1
). However, even a fast bipolar outflow will only have a moderate velocity extent in its maser spectrum when located close to the plane of the sky. In this project we aim to enhance the water fountain sample by identifying objects whose jets are aligned close to the plane of the sky.
Methods: We present the results of seven sources observed with the Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) that were identified as water fountain candidates in an Effelsberg 100 m telescope survey of 74 AGB and early post-AGB stars.
Results: We find that our sample of water fountain candidates displays strong variability in their 22 GHz H
2
O maser spectra. The JVLA observations show an extended bipolar H
2
O maser outflow for one source, the OH/IR star IRAS 18455+0448. This source was previously classified as a dying OH/IR star based on the exponential decrease of its 1612 MHz OH maser and the lack of H
2
O masers. We therefore also re-observed the 1612, 1665, and 1667 MHz OH masers. We confirm that the 1612 MHz masers have not reappeared and find that the1665/1667 MHz masers have decreased in strength by several orders of magnitude during the last decade. The JVLA observations also reveal a striking asymmetry in the red-shifted maser emission of IRAS 19422+3506.
Conclusions: The OH/IR star IRAS 18455+0448 is confirmed to be a new addition to the class of water fountain nebulae. Its kinematic age is ~70 yr, but could be lower, depending on the distance and inclination. Previous observations indicate, with significant uncertainty, that IRAS 18455+0448 has a surprisingly low mass compared to available estimates for other water fountain nebulae. The available historical OH maser observations make IRAS 18455+0448 unique for the study of water fountain nebulae and the launch of post-AGB bipolar outflows. The other candidate sources appear high mass-loss OH/IR stars with partly radially beamed H
2
O masers. eprintid:
arXiv:1407.6709
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Detection table from Vlemmings et al. (2014)
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individual components
ID
Obs. RA
Obs. Dec
l
b
Group id
Source name
Line
V
range
V
peak
F
peak
RMS
List
Detection
Class
Dist. (parallax)
Ref.
(J2000)
(J2000)
(deg.)
(deg.)
H
2
O
(km/s)
(km/s)
(Jy)
(Jy)
Yes
/
No
(kpc)
1
18 48 2.3
+04 51 30.4
36.8730
2.9677
G36.873+2.968
IRAS 18455+0448
22 GHz
;
14.0;48.0
22.2
2.7
0.300
ENG_H2O
+H
2
O
+OH
EVOLVED
VLE14
2
19 09 8.3
+08 16 33.8
42.3085
-0.1328
G42.308-0.132
IRAS 19067+0811
22 GHz
;
47.2;80.0
76.4
3.1
0.300
ENG_H2O
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
VLE14
3
19 09 19.2
+09 21 11.5
43.2851
0.3240
G43.285+0.324
IRAS 19069+0916
22 GHz
;
8.0;47.0
11.0
6.2
0.007
ENG_H2O
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
GALAXY
VLE14
4
19 13 37.3
+08 24 52.5
42.9442
-1.0521
G42.944-1.052
IRAS 19112+0819
22 GHz
;
19.0;59.5
54.5
2
0.300
ENG_H2O
+H
2
O
+OH
SFR_MIXED
VLE14
5
19 21 11.7
+03 20 57.8
39.3263
-5.0713
G39.326-5.071
IRAS 19186+0315
22 GHz
;
-37.5;-11.5
-35.5
3.8
0.300
ENG_H2O
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
VLE14
6
19 27 42
+16 37 24.2
51.8039
-0.2248
G51.804-0.224
IRAS 19254+1631
22 GHz
;
-15.0;18.5
17.0
1.8
0.007
ENG_H2O
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH II
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
VLE14
7
19 44 07
+35 14 8.2
69.8869
5.5926
G69.887+5.593
IRAS 19422+3506
22 GHz
;
-68.5;-33.5
-37.5
18
0.007
ENG_H2O
+H
2
O
+OH
+SiO
EVOLVED
VLE14
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NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um
ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck
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select MAX(h2o_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(h2o_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(h2o_data_all.l) as l,MAX(h2o_data_all.b) as b,MAX(h2o_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(h2o_data_all.line) as line,MAX(h2o_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(h2o_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(h2o_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(h2o_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(h2o_data_all.int) as int,MAX(h2o_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.units) as units,MAX(h2o_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(h2o_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(h2o_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(h2o_data_all.url) as url,MAX(h2o_data_all.image) as image,MAX(h2o_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(h2o_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(h2o_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(h2o_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(h2o_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line" WHERE ref ilike 'VLE14' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref
select h2o_data_all.ra_hms,h2o_data_all.dec_dms,h2o_data_all.source_name,h2o_data_all.ra,h2o_data_all.dec,h2o_data_all.l,h2o_data_all.b,h2o_data_all.grp,h2o_data_all.other_name,h2o_data_all.other_desc,h2o_data_all.thermal,h2o_data_all.line,h2o_data_all.vrange,h2o_data_all.vpeak,h2o_data_all.peak,h2o_data_all.fwhm,h2o_data_all.int,h2o_data_all.rms,h2o_data_all.units,h2o_data_all.units_rms,h2o_data_all.date_txt,h2o_data_all.telescope_ref,h2o_data_all.telescope_conf,h2o_data_all.v_step,h2o_data_all.beam,h2o_data_all.beam_maj,h2o_data_all.beam_min,h2o_data_all.beam_pa,h2o_data_all.ref,h2o_data_all.list_ref,h2o_data_all.ascii,h2o_data_all.url,h2o_data_all.image,h2o_data_all.image2,h2o_data_all.image3,h2o_data_all.descr,h2o_data_all.id,h2o_data_all.mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.dist,h2o_data_all.dist_parallax,h2o_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line" WHERE ref ilike 'VLE14' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id