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TRI03B - Observations of Water Masers and Radio Continuum Emission in AFGL 2591

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Short title: Trinidad et al. (2003B)
Authors: Trinidad, Miguel A. Curiel, Salvador Cantó, Jorge D'Alessio, Paola Rodríguez, Luis F. Torrelles, José M. Gómez, José F. Patel, Nimesh Ho, Paul T. P.
Journal: The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 589, Issue 1, pp. 386-396.
Bibcode:

Target type: YSO
Transitions: H2O_22

Abstract
We report results of continuum (1.3 and 3.6 cm) and H2O maser line high angular resolution observations, made with the Very Large Array (VLA) in the A configuration, toward the star-forming region AFGL 2591. Three radio continuum sources (VLA 1, VLA 2, and VLA 3) were detected in the region at 3.6 cm, and one source (VLA 3) at 1.3 cm. VLA 1 and VLA 2 appear resolved and their spectral indices suggest free-free emission from optically thin H II regions. VLA 3 is elongated in the east-west direction, along the axis of the bipolar molecular outflow observed in the region. Its spectral energy distribution is consistent with it being a ~200 AU optically thick disk plus a photoionized wind. In addition, we detected 85 water maser spots toward the AFGL 2591 region, which are distributed in three main clusters. Two of these clusters are spatially associated with VLA 2 and VLA 3, respectively. The third cluster of masers, including the strongest water maser of the region, does not coincide with any known continuum source. We suggest that this third cluster of masers is excited by an undetected protostar that we predict to be located ~0.5'' (500 AU) north from VLA 3. The maser spots associated with VLA 3 are distributed along a shell-like structure of 0.01'' size, showing a peculiar velocity-position helical distribution. We propose that VLA 3 is the powering source of the observed molecular outflow in this region. Finally, we support the notion that the AFGL 2591 region is a cluster of B0-B3 type stars.

Abstract

We report results of continuum (1.3 and 3.6 cm) and H2O maser line high angular resolution observations, made with the Very Large Array (VLA) in the A configuration, toward the star-forming region AFGL 2591. Three radio continuum sources (VLA 1, VLA 2, and VLA 3) were detected in the region at 3.6 cm, and one source (VLA 3) at 1.3 cm. VLA 1 and VLA 2 appear resolved and their spectral indices suggest free-free emission from optically thin H II regions. VLA 3 is elongated in the east-west direction, along the axis of the bipolar molecular outflow observed in the region. Its spectral energy distribution is consistent with it being a ~200 AU optically thick disk plus a photoionized wind. In addition, we detected 85 water maser spots toward the AFGL 2591 region, which are distributed in three main clusters. Two of these clusters are spatially associated with VLA 2 and VLA 3, respectively. The third cluster of masers, including the strongest water maser of the region, does not coincide with any known continuum source. We suggest that this third cluster of masers is excited by an undetected protostar that we predict to be located ~0.5'' (500 AU) north from VLA 3. The maser spots associated with VLA 3 are distributed along a shell-like structure of 0.01'' size, showing a peculiar velocity-position helical distribution. We propose that VLA 3 is the powering source of the observed molecular outflow in this region. Finally, we support the notion that the AFGL 2591 region is a cluster of B0-B3 type stars.

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Detection table from Trinidad et al. (2003B)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	RA offset	Dec offset	l	b	Group id	#	Source name	Image	Descr.	Line	V_peak	F_peak	Telescope	Configuration	RMS	Beam	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(mas)	(mas)	(deg.)	(deg.)						H₂O	(km/s)	(Jy)			(mJy/beam)	(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	+20 29 24.6195	+40 11 17.3603			78.885765	0.709096	G78.887+0.709		AFGL 2591	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	-28 .. 12.8	0.02 .. 70.28	NRAOVLA	A	28.000	0.08	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II -OH	SFR		1999 June 29
	+20 29 24.5293	+40 11 20.8575	-1352.78 mas	3495.89 mas	78.886383	0.709899		1	AFGL 2591				12.1	0.06
	+20 29 24.5293	+40 11 20.8603	-1352.05 mas	3498.7 mas	78.886384	0.709899		2	AFGL 2591				3.6	0.13
	+20 29 24.5293	+40 11 20.8618	-1351.46 mas	3500.2 mas	78.886384	0.709899		3	AFGL 2591				4.2	0.14
	+20 29 24.5294	+40 11 20.8573	-1350.83 mas	3495.7 mas	78.886383	0.709898		4	AFGL 2591				2.9	0.05
	+20 29 24.5294	+40 11 20.8645	-1350.87 mas	3502.9 mas	78.886385	0.709899		5	AFGL 2591				4.9	0.07
	+20 29 24.5298	+40 11 20.8595	-1345.28 mas	3497.92 mas	78.886384	0.709898		6	AFGL 2591				12.8	0.1
	+20 29 24.5432	+40 11 20.8921	-1144.14 mas	3530.5 mas	78.886417	0.709868		7	AFGL 2591				-24.7	0.04
	+20 29 24.5437	+40 11 20.8988	-1135.47 mas	3537.24 mas	78.886419	0.709868		8	AFGL 2591				-28	3.15
	+20 29 24.5438	+40 11 20.9003	-1134.27 mas	3538.74 mas	78.886420	0.709868		9	AFGL 2591				-8.9	4.44
	+20 29 24.5439	+40 11 20.9003	-1133.07 mas	3538.74 mas	78.886420	0.709868		10	AFGL 2591				-8.3	42.47
	+20 29 24.5439	+40 11 20.9003	-1132.77 mas	3538.75 mas	78.886420	0.709868		11	AFGL 2591				-7.6	68.43
	+20 29 24.5439	+40 11 20.9003	-1132.62 mas	3538.75 mas	78.886420	0.709868		12	AFGL 2591				-6.9	31.86
	+20 29 24.5439	+40 11 20.8998	-1132.47 mas	3538.25 mas	78.886420	0.709868		13	AFGL 2591				-6.3	0.88
	+20 29 24.544	+40 11 20.9041	-1131.89 mas	3542.55 mas	78.886421	0.709868		14	AFGL 2591				-26	0.12
	+20 29 24.544	+40 11 20.9018	-1131.13 mas	3540.15 mas	78.886421	0.709868		15	AFGL 2591				12.8	0.52
	+20 29 24.5443	+40 11 20.9025	-1127.52 mas	3540.87 mas	78.886421	0.709867		16	AFGL 2591				12.1	0.12
	+20 29 24.5474	+40 11 20.8932	-1080.54 mas	3531.65 mas	78.886425	0.709858		17	AFGL 2591				-12.9	0.16
	+20 29 24.5476	+40 11 20.8886	-1077.51 mas	3526.96 mas	78.886424	0.709856		18	AFGL 2591				-10.2	3.82
	+20 29 24.5476	+40 11 20.8884	-1077.05 mas	3526.76 mas	78.886424	0.709856		19	AFGL 2591				-11.5	7.02
	+20 29 24.5476	+40 11 20.8888	-1076.91 mas	3527.16 mas	78.886424	0.709856		20	AFGL 2591				-12.2	1.91
	+20 29 24.5477	+40 11 20.8882	-1076.45 mas	3526.56 mas	78.886424	0.709856		21	AFGL 2591				-10.9	8.44
	+20 29 24.5485	+40 11 20.8949	-1063.86 mas	3533.31 mas	78.886427	0.709855		22	AFGL 2591				-13.5	0.03
	+20 29 24.866	+40 11 19.6193	3698.48 mas	2257.72 mas	78.886733	0.708829		23	AFGL 2591				-9.6	0.07
	+20 29 24.8661	+40 11 19.6083	3699.6 mas	2246.72 mas	78.886731	0.708827		24	AFGL 2591				-12.2	0.13
	+20 29 24.8661	+40 11 19.6038	3700.23 mas	2242.23 mas	78.886730	0.708826		25	AFGL 2591				-11.5	0.08
	+20 29 24.8664	+40 11 19.6066	3705.03 mas	2245.05 mas	78.886731	0.708826		26	AFGL 2591				-12.9	0.39
	+20 29 24.8665	+40 11 19.6035	3705.2 mas	2241.95 mas	78.886730	0.708825		27	AFGL 2591				-10.9	0.08
	+20 29 24.8665	+40 11 19.6094	3705.76 mas	2247.85 mas	78.886732	0.708826		28	AFGL 2591				-10.2	0.08
	+20 29 24.8665	+40 11 19.6056	3706.54 mas	2243.95 mas	78.886731	0.708825		29	AFGL 2591				-13.5	0.62
	+20 29 24.8666	+40 11 19.6037	3707.45 mas	2242.05 mas	78.886731	0.708825		30	AFGL 2591				-14.2	0.44
	+20 29 24.8671	+40 11 19.5909	3715.36 mas	2229.28 mas	78.886729	0.708821		31	AFGL 2591				-14.8	0.25
	+20 29 24.8675	+40 11 19.5732	3721.04 mas	2211.61 mas	78.886726	0.708817		32	AFGL 2591				-24.1	4.06
	+20 29 24.8675	+40 11 19.5743	3721.03 mas	2212.71 mas	78.886726	0.708818		33	AFGL 2591				-23.4	5.12
	+20 29 24.8675	+40 11 19.5715	3721.35 mas	2209.91 mas	78.886725	0.708817		34	AFGL 2591				-24.7	2.72
	+20 29 24.8675	+40 11 19.5754	3721.32 mas	2213.81 mas	78.886726	0.708818		35	AFGL 2591				-22.7	5.56
	+20 29 24.8675	+40 11 19.5685	3721.52 mas	2206.91 mas	78.886725	0.708816		36	AFGL 2591				-25.4	1.73
	+20 29 24.8676	+40 11 19.5659	3722.14 mas	2204.31 mas	78.886724	0.708816		37	AFGL 2591				-26	1.2
	+20 29 24.8676	+40 11 19.5758	3722.22 mas	2214.21 mas	78.886726	0.708818		38	AFGL 2591				-22.1	6.19
	+20 29 24.8676	+40 11 19.5747	3722.98 mas	2213.11 mas	78.886726	0.708817		39	AFGL 2591				-21.4	7.29
	+20 29 24.8677	+40 11 19.5722	3723.6 mas	2210.62 mas	78.886726	0.708817		40	AFGL 2591				-20.8	7.69
	+20 29 24.8677	+40 11 19.5649	3723.8 mas	2203.32 mas	78.886724	0.708816		41	AFGL 2591				-26.7	0.8
	+20 29 24.8677	+40 11 19.5653	3723.8 mas	2203.72 mas	78.886724	0.708816		42	AFGL 2591				-17.5	1.97
	+20 29 24.8677	+40 11 19.5657	3724.09 mas	2204.12 mas	78.886724	0.708816		43	AFGL 2591				-18.1	4.44
	+20 29 24.8677	+40 11 19.5696	3724.22 mas	2208.02 mas	78.886725	0.708816		44	AFGL 2591				-20.1	7.4
	+20 29 24.8677	+40 11 19.5668	3724.54 mas	2205.22 mas	78.886725	0.708816		45	AFGL 2591				-18.8	6.76
	+20 29 24.8677	+40 11 19.568	3724.53 mas	2206.42 mas	78.886725	0.708816		46	AFGL 2591				-19.4	7.48
	+20 29 24.8678	+40 11 19.5672	3725.44 mas	2205.62 mas	78.886725	0.708816		47	AFGL 2591				-16.8	0.74
	+20 29 24.8679	+40 11 19.5667	3726.34 mas	2205.13 mas	78.886725	0.708815		48	AFGL 2591				-27.3	0.41
	+20 29 24.8679	+40 11 19.5729	3726.45 mas	2211.33 mas	78.886726	0.708816		49	AFGL 2591				-28	0.29
	+20 29 24.8679	+40 11 19.5743	3727.04 mas	2212.73 mas	78.886727	0.708816		50	AFGL 2591				-15.5	0.29
	+20 29 24.868	+40 11 19.5706	3728.27 mas	2209.03 mas	78.886726	0.708816		51	AFGL 2591				-16.2	0.41
	+20 29 24.8646	+40 11 19.9141	3678.03 mas	2552.54 mas	78.886797	0.708880		52	AFGL 2591				-27.3	0.13
	+20 29 24.8658	+40 11 19.947	3695.1 mas	2585.41 mas	78.886806	0.708883		53	AFGL 2591				-8.9	6.16
	+20 29 24.866	+40 11 19.9434	3698.58 mas	2581.82 mas	78.886806	0.708882		54	AFGL 2591				-8.3	36.34
	+20 29 24.8661	+40 11 19.9425	3699.64 mas	2580.93 mas	78.886806	0.708881		55	AFGL 2591				-7.6	70.28
	+20 29 24.8661	+40 11 19.9422	3700.25 mas	2580.63 mas	78.886806	0.708881		56	AFGL 2591				-6.9	57.86
	+20 29 24.8662	+40 11 19.9428	3700.99 mas	2581.23 mas	78.886806	0.708881		57	AFGL 2591				-6.3	24.58
	+20 29 24.8662	+40 11 19.9434	3701.74 mas	2581.84 mas	78.886807	0.708881		58	AFGL 2591				12.8	0.35
	+20 29 24.8662	+40 11 19.9374	3701.93 mas	2575.84 mas	78.886805	0.708880		59	AFGL 2591				-26	0.05
	+20 29 24.8662	+40 11 19.9468	3701.87 mas	2585.24 mas	78.886807	0.708882		60	AFGL 2591				-5.6	8.77
	+20 29 24.8663	+40 11 19.9418	3702.35 mas	2580.24 mas	78.886806	0.708881		61	AFGL 2591				-28	1.43
	+20 29 24.8665	+40 11 19.944	3705.35 mas	2582.35 mas	78.886807	0.708880		62	AFGL 2591				12.1	0.09
	+20 29 24.8674	+40 11 20.0287	3719.82 mas	2667.11 mas	78.886828	0.708892		63	AFGL 2591				-14.8	0.02
	+20 29 24.8676	+40 11 20.0313	3723.11 mas	2669.72 mas	78.886829	0.708892		64	AFGL 2591				-9.6	2.97
	+20 29 24.8677	+40 11 20.0305	3723.42 mas	2668.92 mas	78.886829	0.708891		65	AFGL 2591				-14.2	0.13
	+20 29 24.8677	+40 11 20.0302	3723.87 mas	2668.62 mas	78.886829	0.708891		66	AFGL 2591				-12.9	0.58
	+20 29 24.8677	+40 11 20.0301	3724.32 mas	2668.52 mas	78.886829	0.708891		67	AFGL 2591				-13.5	0.29
	+20 29 24.8679	+40 11 20.0307	3726.43 mas	2669.13 mas	78.886829	0.708891		68	AFGL 2591				-12.2	1.76
	+20 29 24.8679	+40 11 20.0315	3727.32 mas	2669.94 mas	78.886830	0.708891		69	AFGL 2591				-10.2	6.85
	+20 29 24.868	+40 11 20.0315	3729.13 mas	2669.94 mas	78.886830	0.708891		70	AFGL 2591				-11.5	5.57
	+20 29 24.8681	+40 11 20.0318	3729.27 mas	2670.24 mas	78.886830	0.708891		71	AFGL 2591				-10.9	8.89
	+20 29 24.8689	+40 11 20.0238	3741.36 mas	2662.19 mas	78.886830	0.708887		72	AFGL 2591				-3	0.05
	+20 29 24.8696	+40 11 20.0249	3751.88 mas	2663.33 mas	78.886831	0.708886		73	AFGL 2591				-5	3.57
	+20 29 24.8696	+40 11 20.0248	3752.78 mas	2663.23 mas	78.886831	0.708885		74	AFGL 2591				-4.3	0.87
	+20 29 24.8181	+40 11 19.1615	2979.57 mas	1799.93 mas	78.886541	0.708878		75	AFGL 2591				1.6	0.03
	+20 29 24.8185	+40 11 19.16	2986.05 mas	1798.36 mas	78.886541	0.708876		76	AFGL 2591				-0.4	0.05
	+20 29 24.8187	+40 11 19.1629	2989.19 mas	1801.27 mas	78.886542	0.708876		77	AFGL 2591				1	0.14
	+20 29 24.8188	+40 11 19.1619	2990.25 mas	1800.27 mas	78.886542	0.708876		78	AFGL 2591				0.3	0.16
	+20 29 24.6868	+40 11 18.0679	1011.07 mas	706.305 mas	78.886050	0.709038		79	AFGL 2591				4.2	0.18
	+20 29 24.6868	+40 11 18.0684	1011.07 mas	706.805 mas	78.886050	0.709038		80	AFGL 2591				4.9	0.16
	+20 29 24.6869	+40 11 18.0722	1011.5 mas	710.607 mas	78.886051	0.709039		81	AFGL 2591				8.2	0.04
	+20 29 24.6869	+40 11 18.0653	1012.44 mas	703.71 mas	78.886049	0.709037		82	AFGL 2591				5.6	0.06
	+20 29 24.6869	+40 11 18.0654	1012.59 mas	703.811 mas	78.886049	0.709037		83	AFGL 2591				3.6	0.06
	+20 29 24.6871	+40 11 18.071	1014.81 mas	709.42 mas	78.886051	0.709038		84	AFGL 2591				7.5	0.05
	+20 29 24.6874	+40 11 18.0649	1019.96 mas	703.339 mas	78.886050	0.709036		85	AFGL 2591				6.9	0.03

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	GLIMPSE 360
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(h2o_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(h2o_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(h2o_data_all.l) as l,MAX(h2o_data_all.b) as b,MAX(h2o_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(h2o_data_all.line) as line,MAX(h2o_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(h2o_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(h2o_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(h2o_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(h2o_data_all.int) as int,MAX(h2o_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.units) as units,MAX(h2o_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(h2o_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(h2o_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(h2o_data_all.url) as url,MAX(h2o_data_all.image) as image,MAX(h2o_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(h2o_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(h2o_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(h2o_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(h2o_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'TRI03B' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select h2o_data_all.ra_hms,h2o_data_all.dec_dms,h2o_data_all.source_name,h2o_data_all.ra,h2o_data_all.dec,h2o_data_all.l,h2o_data_all.b,h2o_data_all.grp,h2o_data_all.other_name,h2o_data_all.other_desc,h2o_data_all.thermal,h2o_data_all.line,h2o_data_all.vrange,h2o_data_all.vpeak,h2o_data_all.peak,h2o_data_all.fwhm,h2o_data_all.int,h2o_data_all.rms,h2o_data_all.units,h2o_data_all.units_rms,h2o_data_all.date_txt,h2o_data_all.telescope_ref,h2o_data_all.telescope_conf,h2o_data_all.v_step,h2o_data_all.beam,h2o_data_all.beam_maj,h2o_data_all.beam_min,h2o_data_all.beam_pa,h2o_data_all.ref,h2o_data_all.list_ref,h2o_data_all.ascii,h2o_data_all.url,h2o_data_all.image,h2o_data_all.image2,h2o_data_all.image3,h2o_data_all.descr,h2o_data_all.id,h2o_data_all.mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.dist,h2o_data_all.dist_parallax,h2o_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'TRI03B' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

Display data from paper

TRI03B - Observations of Water Masers and Radio Continuum Emission in AFGL 2591

Interferometry data

View as list of objects

Detection table from Trinidad et al. (2003B)