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QUI19 - Resolving the distance controversy for Sharpless 269. A possible kink in the outer arm
Interferometry data
Short title
: Quiroga-Nunez et al. (2019)
Authors
: Quiroga-Nunez, L. H.Immer, K.van Langevelde, H. J.Reid, M. J.Burns, R. A.
Journal
: Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 625, id.A70,
12
pp.
Bibcode
:
2019A&A...625A..70Q
Target type
: High_mass_SFR
Abstract
Context. Sharpless 269 (S 269) is one of a few HII regions in the outer spiral arm of the Milky Way with strong water maser emission. Based on data from the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) array, two parallax measurements have been published, which differ by nearly 2σ. Each distance estimate supports a different structure for the outer arm. Moreover, given its large Galactocentric radii, S 269 has special relevance as its proper motion and parallax have been used to constrain the Galactic rotation curve at large radii. Aims: Using recent Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations, we accurately measure the parallax and proper motion of the water masers in S 269. We interpret the position and motion of S 269 in the context of Galactic structure, and possible optical counterparts. Methods: S 269's 22 GHz water masers and two close by quasars were observed at 16 epochs between 2015 and 2016 using the VLBA. We calibrated the data by inverse phase referencing using the strongest maser spot. The parallax and proper motion were fitted using the standard protocols of the Bar and Spiral Structure Legacy survey. Results: We measure an annual parallax for S 269 of 0.241 ± 0.012 mas corresponding to a distance from the Sun of 4.15+0.22-0.20 kpc by fitting four maser spots. The mean proper motion for S 269 was estimated as 0.16 ± 0.26 mas yr-1 and -0.51 ± 0.26 mas yr-1 for μα cosδ and μδ respectively, which corresponds to the motion expected for a flat Galactic rotation curve at large radius. This distance estimate, Galactic kinematic simulations and observations of other massive young stars in the outer region support the existence of a kink in the outer arm at l ≈ 140°. Additionally, we find more than 2000 optical sources in the Gaia DR2 catalog within 125 pc radius around the 3D position of the water maser emission; from those only three sources are likely members of the same stellar association that contains the young massive star responsible for the maser emission (S 269 IRS 2w).
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individual components
ID
Obs. RA
Obs. Dec
RA offset
Dec offset
l
b
Group id
#
Maser spot
Source name
Image
Descr.
Line
V
peak
μ
X
μ
Y
π
F
peak
Epoch
Telescope
Detection
Class
Dist. (parallax)
Date
(J2000)
(J2000)
(mas)
(mas)
(deg.)
(deg.)
H
2
O
(km/s)
(mas/yr)
(mas/yr)
(mas)
(Jy/beam)
#
Yes
/
No
(kpc)
1
+06 14 37.641
+13 49 36.693
196.4549957
-1.6751918
G196.454-1.677
Sh2-269
Image
Descr
22 GHz
;
VLBA
+H
2
O
-CH
3
OH I
+CH
3
OH II
+OH
SFR
4.15 (-0.20 +0.22)
Aug 2015 - Oct 2016
+06 14 37.6409933
+13 49 36.6931
-0.101 mas
-0.02 mas
196.454996
-1.675192
1
I
Sh2-269
19.6
-0.099 (0.019)
-0.008 (0.020)
0.244 (0.010)
95.8
H
+06 14 37.6426656
+13 49 36.697236
24.984 mas
4.116 mas
196.454998
-1.675185
2
II
Sh2-269
19
0.507 (0.128)
0.438 (0.076)
0.5
H
+06 14 37.6613949
+13 49 36.697772
305.924 mas
4.652 mas
196.455034
-1.675119
3
III
Sh2-269
18.2
0.170 (0.025)
0.063 (0.028)
0.226 (0.013)
1.4
B
+06 14 37.6537263
+13 49 36.587785
190.894 mas
-105.335 mas
196.455046
-1.675160
4
IV
Sh2-269
20.4
0.763 (0.089)
-0.185 (0.139)
0.3
D
+06 14 37.6483257
+13 49 36.549867
109.886 mas
-143.253 mas
196.455045
-1.675185
5
V
Sh2-269
16.6
-0.187 (0.052)
-0.177 (0.057)
0.234 (0.033)
1.4
O
+06 14 37.6352126
+13 49 36.46044
-86.811 mas
-232.68 mas
196.455041
-1.675243
6
VI
Sh2-269
19.8
-0.650 (0.147)
0.080 (0.050)
12.9
H
+06 14 37.6018847
+13 49 36.026821
-586.729 mas
-666.299 mas
196.455083
-1.675419
7
VII
Sh2-269
16
-0.111 (0.043)
-1.254 (0.024)
0.254 (0.026)
2.5
P
+06 14 37.5904662
+13 49 35.951251
-758.007 mas
-741.869 mas
196.455079
-1.675470
8
VIII
Sh2-269
19.2
-0.031 (0.160)
-1.580 (0.250)
8.5
O
+06 14 37.587977
+13 49 35.949505
-795.345 mas
-743.615 mas
196.455075
-1.675479
9
IX
Sh2-269
17.4
1.052 (0.529)
-1.959 (0.139)
0.6
A
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NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um
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select MAX(h2o_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(h2o_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(h2o_data_all.l) as l,MAX(h2o_data_all.b) as b,MAX(h2o_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(h2o_data_all.line) as line,MAX(h2o_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(h2o_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(h2o_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(h2o_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(h2o_data_all.int) as int,MAX(h2o_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.units) as units,MAX(h2o_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(h2o_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(h2o_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(h2o_data_all.url) as url,MAX(h2o_data_all.image) as image,MAX(h2o_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(h2o_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(h2o_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(h2o_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(h2o_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line" WHERE ref ilike 'QUI19' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref
select h2o_data_all.ra_hms,h2o_data_all.dec_dms,h2o_data_all.source_name,h2o_data_all.ra,h2o_data_all.dec,h2o_data_all.l,h2o_data_all.b,h2o_data_all.grp,h2o_data_all.other_name,h2o_data_all.other_desc,h2o_data_all.thermal,h2o_data_all.line,h2o_data_all.vrange,h2o_data_all.vpeak,h2o_data_all.peak,h2o_data_all.fwhm,h2o_data_all.int,h2o_data_all.rms,h2o_data_all.units,h2o_data_all.units_rms,h2o_data_all.date_txt,h2o_data_all.telescope_ref,h2o_data_all.telescope_conf,h2o_data_all.v_step,h2o_data_all.beam,h2o_data_all.beam_maj,h2o_data_all.beam_min,h2o_data_all.beam_pa,h2o_data_all.ref,h2o_data_all.list_ref,h2o_data_all.ascii,h2o_data_all.url,h2o_data_all.image,h2o_data_all.image2,h2o_data_all.image3,h2o_data_all.descr,h2o_data_all.id,h2o_data_all.mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.dist,h2o_data_all.dist_parallax,h2o_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line" WHERE ref ilike 'QUI19' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id
