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VOR11 - Discovery of the new class I methanol maser transition at 23.4 GHz

Short title: Voronkov et al. (2011)
Authors: Voronkov, M. A. Walsh, A. J. Caswell, J. L. Ellingsen, S. P. Breen, S. L. Longmore, S. N. Purcell, C. R. Urquhart, J. S.
Journal: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 413, Issue 4, pp. 2339-2344.
Bibcode:

Target type: First_detection
Transitions: SiO_1-0v0,CH3OH_9(I),CH3OH_25-30_GHz(I),CH3OH_36(I),CH3OH_44(I),CH3OH_95(I),CH3OH_132(I),CH3OH_6(II)

Abstract
We report the first detection of a methanol maser in the 10₁-9₂ A^- transition at 23.4 GHz, discovered during the H₂O southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS) with the 22-m Mopra Radio Telescope. In the region covered by HOPS, the 23.4-GHz maser was found at only one location, G357.97-0.16, which was also a prominent source of maser emission in the J₂-J₁ E series near 25 GHz. The Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) was used to follow up these detections at high angular resolution and prove the maser nature of the observed emission. The analysis shows that the new methanol maser at 23.4 GHz is a class I maser, which has properties similar to the 9.9- and 25-GHz masers (i.e. traces strong shocks with higher than average temperature and density). All class I masers were found to originate at the same spatial location (within the measurement uncertainty of 0.5 arcsec) in the vicinity of the dominant infrared source, but at a clearly distinct position from nearby OH, H₂O and class II methanol masers at 6.7 GHz. All maser species are distributed approximately on a line, but it is not clear at present whether this has any physical significance. We also detected a weak (1.3 mJy) continuum source at 25 GHz near the OH maser (at the most northern site, associated with a class II methanol maser and an H₂O maser renowned for its extremely wide spread of velocity components). The continuum source has not been reported at lower frequencies and is therefore a candidate hypercompact H II region. We also used the ATCA to find the strongest and only the fifth known 9.9-GHz maser towards G357.97-0.16 and another 23.4-GHz maser towards G343.12-0.06 not seen in HOPS. eprintid: arXiv:1101.1109	Target sources: G357.97-0.16 source from HOPS survey Comments: New methanol maser transition detection

Abstract

We report the first detection of a methanol maser in the 10₁-9₂ A^- transition at 23.4 GHz, discovered during the H₂O southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS) with the 22-m Mopra Radio Telescope. In the region covered by HOPS, the 23.4-GHz maser was found at only one location, G357.97-0.16, which was also a prominent source of maser emission in the J₂-J₁ E series near 25 GHz. The Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) was used to follow up these detections at high angular resolution and prove the maser nature of the observed emission. The analysis shows that the new methanol maser at 23.4 GHz is a class I maser, which has properties similar to the 9.9- and 25-GHz masers (i.e. traces strong shocks with higher than average temperature and density). All class I masers were found to originate at the same spatial location (within the measurement uncertainty of 0.5 arcsec) in the vicinity of the dominant infrared source, but at a clearly distinct position from nearby OH, H₂O and class II methanol masers at 6.7 GHz. All maser species are distributed approximately on a line, but it is not clear at present whether this has any physical significance. We also detected a weak (1.3 mJy) continuum source at 25 GHz near the OH maser (at the most northern site, associated with a class II methanol maser and an H₂O maser renowned for its extremely wide spread of velocity components). The continuum source has not been reported at lower frequencies and is therefore a candidate hypercompact H II region. We also used the ATCA to find the strongest and only the fifth known 9.9-GHz maser towards G357.97-0.16 and another 23.4-GHz maser towards G343.12-0.06 not seen in HOPS. eprintid:

Target sources:
G357.97-0.16 source from HOPS survey

Comments:
New methanol maser transition detection

Input tables: Table 2
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Detection table from Voronkov et al. (2011)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	Source name	Image	Line	V_peak	FWHM	F_peak	∫F dv	Telescope	Beam	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)				CH₃OH (class I)	(km/s)	(km/s)	(Jy)	(Jy*km/s)		(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16	Image	24.934 GHz (I);	-4.71	0.224 (4)	1.43 (2)	0.34 (3)	ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
2	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		24.928 GHz (I);	-5.53	0.25 (3)	0.22 (2)	1.8 (2)	ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		24.928 GHz (I);	-5.14	0.25 (2)	0.39 (2)		ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		24.928 GHz (I);	-4.665	0.333 (2)	4.67 (2)		ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
5	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		24.933 GHz (I);	-5.64	0.30 (3)	0.32 (2)	2.1 (2)	ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		24.933 GHz (I);	-5.28	0.23 (1)	0.70 (2)		ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		24.933 GHz (I);	-4.766	0.399 (2)	4.32 (2)		ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
8	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		24.959 GHz (I);	-5.63	0.33 (3)	0.37 (2)	2.2 (2)	ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		24.959 GHz (I);	-5.265	0.24 (1)	0.74 (2)		ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		24.959 GHz (I);	-4.744	0.392 (2)	4.60 (2)		ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
11	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		25.0 GHz (I);	-5.67	0.34 (4)	0.31 (2)	2.0 (2)	ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		25.0 GHz (I);	-5.302	0.27 (2)	0.53 (2)		ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		25.0 GHz (I);	-4.788	0.433 (3)	3.78 (2)		ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
14	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		25.1 GHz (I);	-5.63	0.30 (2)	0.56 (2)	2.7 (3)	ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		25.1 GHz (I);	-4.95	0.50 (1)	3.87 (8)		ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		25.1 GHz (I);	-4.64	0.33 (2)	1.4 (2)		ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
17	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		25.2 GHz (I);	-5.625	0.28 (2)	0.49 (3)	2.6 (3)	ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		25.2 GHz (I);	-4.96	0.48 (2)	3.94 (8)		ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		25.2 GHz (I);	-4.64	0.33 (2)	1.5 (2)		ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
20	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		23 GHz (I);	-5.584	0.191 (8)	1.00 (4)	11 (1)	ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		23 GHz (I);	-4.932	0.450 (5)	16.4 (2)		ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		23 GHz (I);	-4.675	0.301 (4)	8.6 (4)		ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
23	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		9.93 GHz (I);	-5.493	0.30 (1)	6.1 (1)	40 (1)	ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		9.93 GHz (I);	-4.89	0.44 (2)	50 (2)		ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED
	17 41 19.1	-30 44 58.1	357.9670	-0.1581	G357.967-0.163	G357.97-0.16		9.93 GHz (I);	-4.638	0.34 (7)	41 (4)		ATCA	1.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	GLIMPSE 360
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(met1_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(met1_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(met1_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(met1_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(met1_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(met1_data_all.l) as l,MAX(met1_data_all.b) as b,MAX(met1_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(met1_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(met1_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(met1_data_all.line) as line,MAX(met1_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(met1_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(met1_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(met1_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(met1_data_all.int) as int,MAX(met1_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(met1_data_all.units) as units,MAX(met1_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(met1_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(met1_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(met1_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(met1_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(met1_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(met1_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(met1_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(met1_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(met1_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(met1_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(met1_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(met1_data_all.url) as url,MAX(met1_data_all.image) as image,MAX(met1_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(met1_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(met1_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(met1_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(met1_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(met1_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM met1_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON met1_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON met1_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'VOR11' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select met1_data_all.ra_hms,met1_data_all.dec_dms,met1_data_all.source_name,met1_data_all.ra,met1_data_all.dec,met1_data_all.l,met1_data_all.b,met1_data_all.grp,met1_data_all.other_name,met1_data_all.other_desc,met1_data_all.thermal,met1_data_all.line,met1_data_all.vrange,met1_data_all.vpeak,met1_data_all.peak,met1_data_all.fwhm,met1_data_all.int,met1_data_all.rms,met1_data_all.units,met1_data_all.units_rms,met1_data_all.date_txt,met1_data_all.telescope_ref,met1_data_all.telescope_conf,met1_data_all.v_step,met1_data_all.beam,met1_data_all.beam_maj,met1_data_all.beam_min,met1_data_all.beam_pa,met1_data_all.ref,met1_data_all.list_ref,met1_data_all.ascii,met1_data_all.url,met1_data_all.image,met1_data_all.image2,met1_data_all.image3,met1_data_all.descr,met1_data_all.id,met1_data_all.mjy_flag,met1_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,met1_data_all.dist,met1_data_all.dist_parallax,met1_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM met1_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON met1_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON met1_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'VOR11' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

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VOR11 - Discovery of the new class I methanol maser transition at 23.4 GHz

View as list of objects

Detection table from Voronkov et al. (2011)