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VLE06 - The magnetic field in the star-forming region Cepheus A. from H₂O maser polarization observations

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Short title: Vlemmings et al. (2006)
Authors: Vlemmings, W. H. T.Diamond, P. J.van Langevelde, H. J.Torrelles, J. M.
Journal: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 448, Issue 2, March III 2006, pp.597-611
Bibcode:

Target type: High_mass_SFR

Abstract
We present linear and circular polarization observations of the H2O masers in 4 distinct regions spread over 1 Ã� 2 arcsec around the HW2 high-mass young stellar object in the Cepheus A star-forming region. We find magnetic fields between 100-600 mG in the central maser region, which has been argued to trace a circumstellar disk. The masers further from HW2 have field strengths between 30-100 mG. In all cases the magnetic field pressure is found to be similar to the dynamic pressure, indicating that the magnetic field is capable of controlling the outflow dynamics around HW2. In addition to several H2O maser complexes observed before, we also detect a new maser filament, â�ƒ1 arcsec (â�ƒ690 AU) East of HW2, which we interpret as a shocked region between the HW2 outflow and the surrounding medium. We detect a linear polarization gradient along the filament as well as a reversal of the magnetic field direction. This is thought to mark the transition between the magnetic field associated with the outflow and that found in the surrounding molecular cloud. In addition to the magnetic field we determine several other physical properties of the maser region, including density and temperatures as well as the maser beaming angles.

Abstract

We present linear and circular polarization observations of the H2O masers in 4 distinct regions spread over 1 Ã� 2 arcsec around the HW2 high-mass young stellar object in the Cepheus A star-forming region. We find magnetic fields between 100-600 mG in the central maser region, which has been argued to trace a circumstellar disk. The masers further from HW2 have field strengths between 30-100 mG. In all cases the magnetic field pressure is found to be similar to the dynamic pressure, indicating that the magnetic field is capable of controlling the outflow dynamics around HW2. In addition to several H2O maser complexes observed before, we also detect a new maser filament, â�ƒ1 arcsec (â�ƒ690 AU) East of HW2, which we interpret as a shocked region between the HW2 outflow and the surrounding medium. We detect a linear polarization gradient along the filament as well as a reversal of the magnetic field direction. This is thought to mark the transition between the magnetic field associated with the outflow and that found in the surrounding molecular cloud. In addition to the magnetic field we determine several other physical properties of the maser region, including density and temperatures as well as the maser beaming angles.

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Detection table from Vlemmings et al. (2006)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	RA offset	Dec offset	l	b	Group id	#	Source name	Image	Descr.	Line	V_peak	F_peak	Telescope	V_step	RMS	Beam	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(mas)	(mas)	(deg.)	(deg.)						H₂O	(km/s)	(Jy/beam)		(km/s)	(mJy/beam)	(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	+22 56 18	+62 01 49			109.870974	2.114139	G109.871+2.114		Cep A HW2	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	-21.28 .. 20.75	1.38 .. 87.44	VLBA	0.1	7.000	0.0005	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2004 Oct 03
	+22 56 18.0029	+62 01 49.0002	44.213 mas	-0.57 mas	109.870980	2.114137		1	Cep A HW2				-1.86	10.32
	+22 56 18.0029	+62 01 48.9442	43.289 mas	-56.585 mas	109.870973	2.114123		2	Cep A HW2				-3.83	16.79
	+22 56 18.0028	+62 01 48.9443	42.75 mas	-56.51 mas	109.870973	2.114123		3	Cep A HW2				-4.12	9.83
	+22 56 18.0028	+62 01 48.9532	42.29 mas	-47.644 mas	109.870974	2.114125		4	Cep A HW2				-4.28	19.09
	+22 56 18.0028	+62 01 48.9521	42.229 mas	-48.655 mas	109.870974	2.114125		5	Cep A HW2				-3.96	75.18
	+22 56 18.0023	+62 01 49.0023	34.428 mas	1.488 mas	109.870979	2.114138		6	Cep A HW2				-13.04	33.35
	+22 56 18.0023	+62 01 49.0028	33.811 mas	1.977 mas	109.870979	2.114138		7	Cep A HW2				-12.97	27.49
	+22 56 18.0022	+62 01 48.954	32.322 mas	-46.771 mas	109.870973	2.114126		8	Cep A HW2				-1.94	87.44
	+22 56 18.0021	+62 01 48.9537	31.031 mas	-47.121 mas	109.870973	2.114126		9	Cep A HW2				-1.68	12.81
	+22 56 18.002	+62 01 48.9532	29.643 mas	-47.557 mas	109.870972	2.114126		10	Cep A HW2				-1.2	8.49
	+22 56 18.0001	+62 01 48.9998	1.963 mas	-1.027 mas	109.870975	2.114139		11	Cep A HW2				-18.83	3.48
	+22 56 18.0001	+62 01 48.9987	1.04 mas	-2.099 mas	109.870974	2.114139		12	Cep A HW2				-19.04	3.04
	+22 56 18	+62 01 48.9975	0.082 mas	-3.303 mas	109.870974	2.114138		13	Cep A HW2				-19.44	11.47
	+22 56 18	+62 01 49.0008	0 mas	0 mas	109.870975	2.114139		14	Cep A HW2				-15.72	78.94
	+22 56 17.9999	+62 01 48.9966	-0.82 mas	-4.152 mas	109.870974	2.114138		15	Cep A HW2				-19.28	4.02
	+22 56 17.9999	+62 01 49.0006	-0.871 mas	-0.183 mas	109.870974	2.114139		16	Cep A HW2				-15.89	61.63
	+22 56 17.9999	+62 01 48.9994	-1.486 mas	-1.359 mas	109.870974	2.114139		17	Cep A HW2				-16.78	46.82
	+22 56 18.0617	+62 01 49.0143	925.674 mas	13.463 mas	109.871085	2.114091		18	Cep A HW2				-14.91	18.07
	+22 56 18.0616	+62 01 49.0139	924.445 mas	13.075 mas	109.871085	2.114091		19	Cep A HW2				-14.93	44.81
	+22 56 18.0604	+62 01 49.0069	906.332 mas	6.07 mas	109.871082	2.114090		20	Cep A HW2				-14.25	2.76
	+22 56 18.0598	+62 01 49.0048	896.763 mas	3.99 mas	109.871081	2.114090		21	Cep A HW2				-14.06	15.24
	+22 56 18.0597	+62 01 49.0042	894.765 mas	3.352 mas	109.871080	2.114090		22	Cep A HW2				-13.99	21.08
	+22 56 18.0595	+62 01 49.0034	892.838 mas	2.587 mas	109.871080	2.114090		23	Cep A HW2				-14.09	24.33
	+22 56 18.0593	+62 01 49.0027	890.204 mas	1.947 mas	109.871080	2.114090		24	Cep A HW2				-13.99	3.79
	+22 56 18.0592	+62 01 49.004	888.068 mas	3.166 mas	109.871080	2.114090		25	Cep A HW2				-13.55	3.2
	+22 56 18.0592	+62 01 49.0022	887.387 mas	1.437 mas	109.871079	2.114090		26	Cep A HW2				-13.7	33.64
	+22 56 18.059	+62 01 49.001	885.188 mas	0.222 mas	109.871079	2.114090		27	Cep A HW2				-13.6	8.03
	+22 56 18.0588	+62 01 49.0002	882.617 mas	-0.579 mas	109.871078	2.114090		28	Cep A HW2				-13.47	11.25
	+22 56 18.0588	+62 01 48.9999	881.495 mas	-0.88 mas	109.871078	2.114090		29	Cep A HW2				-13.31	6.95
	+22 56 18.0587	+62 01 49.0008	880.61 mas	0.001 mas	109.871078	2.114090		30	Cep A HW2				-13.26	5.86
	+22 56 18.0584	+62 01 48.9959	876.069 mas	-4.921 mas	109.871077	2.114089		31	Cep A HW2				-12.81	5.25
	+22 56 18.0583	+62 01 48.9949	875.052 mas	-5.871 mas	109.871077	2.114089		32	Cep A HW2				-12.81	5.03
	+22 56 18.0581	+62 01 48.9896	870.917 mas	-11.18 mas	109.871076	2.114088		33	Cep A HW2				-12.57	2.48
	+22 56 18.058	+62 01 48.9894	869.659 mas	-11.433 mas	109.871076	2.114088		34	Cep A HW2				-12.65	5.84
	+22 56 18.0573	+62 01 48.985	858.94 mas	-15.758 mas	109.871074	2.114087		35	Cep A HW2				-12.91	7.85
	+22 56 18.0572	+62 01 48.9846	857.685 mas	-16.246 mas	109.871074	2.114087		36	Cep A HW2				-12.91	8.92
	+22 56 18.057	+62 01 48.9893	855.098 mas	-11.502 mas	109.871074	2.114089		37	Cep A HW2				-14.51	5.21
	+22 56 18.057	+62 01 48.9831	854.38 mas	-17.668 mas	109.871073	2.114087		38	Cep A HW2				-12.83	56.09
	+22 56 18.0569	+62 01 48.9825	853.907 mas	-18.35 mas	109.871073	2.114087		39	Cep A HW2				-12.78	23.43
	+22 56 18.0096	+62 01 48.4699	143.668 mas	-530.929 mas	109.870928	2.113998		40	Cep A HW2				-8.25	21.04
	+22 56 18.0095	+62 01 48.9955	142.096 mas	-5.32 mas	109.870991	2.114130		41	Cep A HW2				-8.52	6.02
	+22 56 18.004	+62 01 49.2302	60.131 mas	229.423 mas	109.871009	2.114193		42	Cep A HW2				-21.28	1.49
	+22 56 18.004	+62 01 49.2271	60.025 mas	226.307 mas	109.871009	2.114193		43	Cep A HW2				-21.07	2.28
	+22 56 18.0039	+62 01 49.2409	58.833 mas	240.075 mas	109.871010	2.114196		44	Cep A HW2				20.75	1.38

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	GLIMPSE 360
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(h2o_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(h2o_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(h2o_data_all.l) as l,MAX(h2o_data_all.b) as b,MAX(h2o_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(h2o_data_all.line) as line,MAX(h2o_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(h2o_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(h2o_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(h2o_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(h2o_data_all.int) as int,MAX(h2o_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.units) as units,MAX(h2o_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(h2o_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(h2o_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(h2o_data_all.url) as url,MAX(h2o_data_all.image) as image,MAX(h2o_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(h2o_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(h2o_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(h2o_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(h2o_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'VLE06' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select h2o_data_all.ra_hms,h2o_data_all.dec_dms,h2o_data_all.source_name,h2o_data_all.ra,h2o_data_all.dec,h2o_data_all.l,h2o_data_all.b,h2o_data_all.grp,h2o_data_all.other_name,h2o_data_all.other_desc,h2o_data_all.thermal,h2o_data_all.line,h2o_data_all.vrange,h2o_data_all.vpeak,h2o_data_all.peak,h2o_data_all.fwhm,h2o_data_all.int,h2o_data_all.rms,h2o_data_all.units,h2o_data_all.units_rms,h2o_data_all.date_txt,h2o_data_all.telescope_ref,h2o_data_all.telescope_conf,h2o_data_all.v_step,h2o_data_all.beam,h2o_data_all.beam_maj,h2o_data_all.beam_min,h2o_data_all.beam_pa,h2o_data_all.ref,h2o_data_all.list_ref,h2o_data_all.ascii,h2o_data_all.url,h2o_data_all.image,h2o_data_all.image2,h2o_data_all.image3,h2o_data_all.descr,h2o_data_all.id,h2o_data_all.mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.dist,h2o_data_all.dist_parallax,h2o_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'VLE06' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

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VLE06 - The magnetic field in the star-forming region Cepheus A. from H2O maser polarization observations

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Detection table from Vlemmings et al. (2006)

VLE06 - The magnetic field in the star-forming region Cepheus A. from H₂O maser polarization observations