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TOR98B - Systems with H₂O Maser and 1.3 Centimeter Continuum Emission in Cepheus A

Interferometry data

Short title: Torrelles et al. (1998B)
Authors: Torrelles, José M. Gómez, José F. Garay, Guido Rodríguez, Luis F. Curiel, Salvador Cohen, R. Jim Ho, Paul T. P.
Journal: The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 509, Issue 1, pp. 262-269.
Bibcode:

Target type: High_mass_SFR
Transitions: H2O_22

Abstract
We report continuum (1.3 cm) and H2O maser line observations, made with the Very Large Array (A configuration), toward the cluster of radio continuum sources in the star-forming region Cepheus A East. The 1.3 cm continuum emission is detected toward HW2, HW3b, HW3c, HW3d, and HW9. In addition, a new continuum source (Cep A:VLA 1), undetected previously, is observed at this wavelength. We detected three spatial clusters of H2O masers that are associated with the 1.3 cm continuum sources HW2, HW3b, and HW3dii (the brightest component of HW3d), indicating that these objects may harbor an energy source as suggested by Garay and coworkers. The spatial distribution of the H2O masers with respect to the continuum emission is different in each one of these objects. Toward source HW2 the H2O masers are spread over ~1'' and aligned in a direction almost perpendicular to the associated radio jet. In HW3b the H2O masers are spread over a more compact region (~0.5'') and aligned along the major axis of the elongated radio continuum emission. The masers associated with the compact object HW3dii are distributed over a compact region (~0.5'') but do not show any clear spatial trend. By comparing the H2O (this paper) and OH maser distributions in the region, we propose that object HW2, with the strongest H2O-OH maser activity, could represent the ''oldest'' young stellar object of the region, while HW3b, with no reported OH maser activity, could be the ''youngest'' source of these three objects.

Abstract

We report continuum (1.3 cm) and H2O maser line observations, made with the Very Large Array (A configuration), toward the cluster of radio continuum sources in the star-forming region Cepheus A East. The 1.3 cm continuum emission is detected toward HW2, HW3b, HW3c, HW3d, and HW9. In addition, a new continuum source (Cep A:VLA 1), undetected previously, is observed at this wavelength. We detected three spatial clusters of H2O masers that are associated with the 1.3 cm continuum sources HW2, HW3b, and HW3dii (the brightest component of HW3d), indicating that these objects may harbor an energy source as suggested by Garay and coworkers. The spatial distribution of the H2O masers with respect to the continuum emission is different in each one of these objects. Toward source HW2 the H2O masers are spread over ~1'' and aligned in a direction almost perpendicular to the associated radio jet. In HW3b the H2O masers are spread over a more compact region (~0.5'') and aligned along the major axis of the elongated radio continuum emission. The masers associated with the compact object HW3dii are distributed over a compact region (~0.5'') but do not show any clear spatial trend. By comparing the H2O (this paper) and OH maser distributions in the region, we propose that object HW2, with the strongest H2O-OH maser activity, could represent the ''oldest'' young stellar object of the region, while HW3b, with no reported OH maser activity, could be the ''youngest'' source of these three objects.

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Detection table from Torrelles et al. (1998B)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	RA offset	Dec offset	l	b	Group id	#	Source name	Image	Descr.	Line	V_peak	F_peak	Telescope	Configuration	V_step	RMS	Beam	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(mas)	(mas)	(deg.)	(deg.)						H₂O	(km/s)	(Jy)			(km/s)	(mJy/beam)	(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	+22 56 16.9258	+62 01 43.3243			109.8684	2.113615	G109.871+2.114		Cep A HW3a	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	-10.2 .. -0.9	0.3 .. 0.7	NRAOVLA	A	0.66	0.120	0.08	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1995 July 5
	+22 56 16.8482	+62 01 42.9428	-1162.65 mas	-380.818 mas	109.868218	2.113584		1	Cep A HW3a				-0.9	0.7
	+22 56 17.3874	+62 01 44.3137	6924.39 mas	990.081 mas	109.869334	2.113476		2	Cep A HW3a				-10.2	0.3
2	+22 56 17.6313	+62 01 44.8386			109.869827	2.113404	G109.871+2.114		Cep A HW3b			22 GHz;	-14.8 .. -12.8	0.05 .. 0.3	NRAOVLA	A	0.66	0.120	0.08	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1995 July 5
	+22 56 17.6142	+62 01 44.7183	-257.459 mas	-120.935 mas	109.869782	2.113388		1	Cep A HW3b				-12.8	0.05
	+22 56 17.6202	+62 01 44.7384	-166.793 mas	-100.813 mas	109.869796	2.113388		2	Cep A HW3b				-14.8	0.3
	+22 56 17.6373	+62 01 44.8587	89.7088 mas	19.5326 mas	109.869840	2.113404		3	Cep A HW3b				-13.5	0.2
	+22 56 17.6434	+62 01 44.9389	180.008 mas	99.6545 mas	109.869860	2.113419		4	Cep A HW3b				-13.5	0.2
3	+22 56 17.9321	+62 01 49.3447			109.870896	2.114282	G109.871+2.114		Cep A HW2			22 GHz;	-27.3 .. -0.3	0.04 .. 603	NRAOVLA	A	0.66	0.120	0.08	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1995 July 5
	+22 56 17.934	+62 01 49.6647	28.4561 mas	318.342 mas	109.870937	2.114361		1	Cep A HW2				-9.6	96
	+22 56 17.937	+62 01 49.7048	73.6058 mas	358.403 mas	109.870947	2.114369		2	Cep A HW2				-0.9	6.7
	+22 56 17.9389	+62 01 49.9448	102.399 mas	598.442 mas	109.870979	2.114427		3	Cep A HW2				-6.9	1.8
	+22 56 17.945	+62 01 49.765	194.291 mas	418.565 mas	109.870969	2.114377		4	Cep A HW2				-0.3	0.5
	+22 56 17.945	+62 01 49.845	193.801 mas	498.565 mas	109.870978	2.114397		5	Cep A HW2				-1.7	0.06
	+22 56 17.9541	+62 01 49.7651	330.475 mas	418.749 mas	109.870985	2.114369		6	Cep A HW2				-8.9	0.2
	+22 56 17.9561	+62 01 49.7852	360.615 mas	438.789 mas	109.870991	2.114373		7	Cep A HW2				-6.9	0.1
	+22 56 17.9561	+62 01 49.9052	359.881 mas	558.789 mas	109.871005	2.114403		8	Cep A HW2				-14.2	0.08
	+22 56 17.9561	+62 01 49.9452	359.636 mas	598.789 mas	109.871010	2.114413		9	Cep A HW2				-4.3	0.07
	+22 56 17.9653	+62 01 49.5454	498.269 mas	198.974 mas	109.870978	2.114305		10	Cep A HW2				-22.1	0.9
	+22 56 17.9683	+62 01 49.5454	543.664 mas	199.035 mas	109.870984	2.114302		11	Cep A HW2				-15.5	32
	+22 56 17.9685	+62 01 49.0454	546.725 mas	-300.962 mas	109.870924	2.114177		12	Cep A HW2				-8.9	603
	+22 56 17.9685	+62 01 49.2254	545.623 mas	-120.963 mas	109.870946	2.114222		13	Cep A HW2				-13.5	0.4
	+22 56 17.9734	+62 01 49.5455	619.321 mas	199.137 mas	109.870992	2.114298		14	Cep A HW2				-5	1.8
	+22 56 17.9733	+62 01 49.8055	617.729 mas	459.136 mas	109.871023	2.114364		15	Cep A HW2				-24.7	1.2
	+22 56 17.9732	+62 01 49.8455	617.484 mas	499.136 mas	109.871028	2.114374		16	Cep A HW2				-19.4	1.1
	+22 56 17.9764	+62 01 49.5056	664.961 mas	159.198 mas	109.870993	2.114286		17	Cep A HW2				-6.9	15
	+22 56 17.9763	+62 01 49.7456	663.491 mas	399.197 mas	109.871021	2.114346		18	Cep A HW2				-17.5	0.04
	+22 56 17.9826	+62 01 49.0657	758.444 mas	-280.677 mas	109.870952	2.114170		19	Cep A HW2				-8.9	114
	+22 56 17.9825	+62 01 49.4857	755.873 mas	139.321 mas	109.871001	2.114276		20	Cep A HW2				-9.6	5.2
	+22 56 17.9855	+62 01 49.4058	801.757 mas	59.3823 mas	109.870997	2.114253		21	Cep A HW2				-10.2	3
	+22 56 17.9855	+62 01 49.4458	801.512 mas	99.3821 mas	109.871002	2.114263		22	Cep A HW2				-7.6	7.3
	+22 56 17.9854	+62 01 49.7258	799.798 mas	379.381 mas	109.871035	2.114333		23	Cep A HW2				-27.3	0.5
	+22 56 17.9875	+62 01 49.6458	830.551 mas	299.422 mas	109.871029	2.114312		24	Cep A HW2				-11.5	0.06
	+22 56 17.9874	+62 01 49.7058	830.183 mas	359.422 mas	109.871036	2.114327		25	Cep A HW2				-22.7	0.3
	+22 56 18.0046	+62 01 49.5662	1088.28 mas	219.769 mas	109.871050	2.114277		26	Cep A HW2				-25.4	0.2
	+22 56 18.0046	+62 01 49.7062	1087.42 mas	359.768 mas	109.871067	2.114312		27	Cep A HW2				-15.5	1.1
	+22 56 18.0278	+62 01 49.5466	1436.43 mas	200.238 mas	109.871089	2.114253		28	Cep A HW2				-22.7	0.06
4	+22 56 18.1351	+62 01 46.3488			109.870897	2.11336	G109.871+2.114		Cep A HW3di			22 GHz;	-10.9	0.9	NRAOVLA	A	0.66	0.120	0.08	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1995 July 5
	+22 56 18.1431	+62 01 46.349	120.282 mas	1.35617 mas	109.870911	2.113354		1	Cep A HW3di				-10.9	0.9
5	+22 56 18.1351	+62 01 46.3488			109.870897	2.11336	G109.871+2.114		Cep A HW3dii			22 GHz;	-15.5 .. -5	1 .. 39	NRAOVLA	A	0.66	0.120	0.08	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1995 July 5
	+22 56 18.1794	+62 01 46.4897	664.161 mas	142.089 mas	109.870992	2.113359		1	Cep A HW3dii				-10.2	11
	+22 56 18.1906	+62 01 46.2299	832.2 mas	-117.685 mas	109.870981	2.113284		2	Cep A HW3dii				-6.9	1.8
	+22 56 18.1996	+62 01 46.3701	967.527 mas	22.4973 mas	109.871014	2.113312		3	Cep A HW3dii				-15.5	1
	+22 56 18.2027	+62 01 46.3302	1013.17 mas	-17.4414 mas	109.871014	2.113299		4	Cep A HW3dii				-5	39

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	GLIMPSE 360
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(h2o_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(h2o_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(h2o_data_all.l) as l,MAX(h2o_data_all.b) as b,MAX(h2o_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(h2o_data_all.line) as line,MAX(h2o_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(h2o_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(h2o_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(h2o_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(h2o_data_all.int) as int,MAX(h2o_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.units) as units,MAX(h2o_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(h2o_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(h2o_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(h2o_data_all.url) as url,MAX(h2o_data_all.image) as image,MAX(h2o_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(h2o_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(h2o_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(h2o_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(h2o_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'TOR98B' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select h2o_data_all.ra_hms,h2o_data_all.dec_dms,h2o_data_all.source_name,h2o_data_all.ra,h2o_data_all.dec,h2o_data_all.l,h2o_data_all.b,h2o_data_all.grp,h2o_data_all.other_name,h2o_data_all.other_desc,h2o_data_all.thermal,h2o_data_all.line,h2o_data_all.vrange,h2o_data_all.vpeak,h2o_data_all.peak,h2o_data_all.fwhm,h2o_data_all.int,h2o_data_all.rms,h2o_data_all.units,h2o_data_all.units_rms,h2o_data_all.date_txt,h2o_data_all.telescope_ref,h2o_data_all.telescope_conf,h2o_data_all.v_step,h2o_data_all.beam,h2o_data_all.beam_maj,h2o_data_all.beam_min,h2o_data_all.beam_pa,h2o_data_all.ref,h2o_data_all.list_ref,h2o_data_all.ascii,h2o_data_all.url,h2o_data_all.image,h2o_data_all.image2,h2o_data_all.image3,h2o_data_all.descr,h2o_data_all.id,h2o_data_all.mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.dist,h2o_data_all.dist_parallax,h2o_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'TOR98B' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

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TOR98B - Systems with H2O Maser and 1.3 Centimeter Continuum Emission in Cepheus A

Interferometry data

View as list of objects

Detection table from Torrelles et al. (1998B)

TOR98B - Systems with H₂O Maser and 1.3 Centimeter Continuum Emission in Cepheus A