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SAK20 - Vertical structure and kinematics of the Galactic outer disk

Short title: Sakai et al. (2020)
Authors: Sakai, NobuyukiNagayama, TakumiNakanishi, HiroyukiKoide, NagitoKurayama, TomoharuIzumi, NatsukoHirota, TomoyaYoshida, ToshihiroShibata, Katsunori M.Honma, Mareki
Journal: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Volume 72, Issue 4, id.53
Bibcode:

Target type: High_mass_SFR

Abstract
We report on measurements of parallax and proper motion for four 22 GHz water maser sources as part of the VERA Outer Rotation Curve project. All the sources show Galactic latitudes of >2Â� and Galactocentric distances of >11 kpc at the Galactic longitude range of 95Â� < l < 126Â�. The sources trace the Galactic warp reaching to 200-400 pc, and also the signature of the warp to 600 pc toward the north Galactic pole. The new results, along with previous results in the literature, show that the maximum height of the Galactic warp increases with Galactocentric distance. Also, we examined velocities perpendicular to the disk for the sample, and found oscillatory behavior between the vertical velocities and Galactic heights. This behavior suggests the existence of bending (vertical density) waves, possibly induced by a perturbing satellite (e.g., the passage of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy).

Abstract

We report on measurements of parallax and proper motion for four 22 GHz water maser sources as part of the VERA Outer Rotation Curve project. All the sources show Galactic latitudes of >2Â� and Galactocentric distances of >11 kpc at the Galactic longitude range of 95Â� < l < 126Â�. The sources trace the Galactic warp reaching to 200-400 pc, and also the signature of the warp to 600 pc toward the north Galactic pole. The new results, along with previous results in the literature, show that the maximum height of the Galactic warp increases with Galactocentric distance. Also, we examined velocities perpendicular to the disk for the sample, and found oscillatory behavior between the vertical velocities and Galactic heights. This behavior suggests the existence of bending (vertical density) waves, possibly induced by a perturbing satellite (e.g., the passage of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy).

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Detection table from Sakai et al. (2020)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	Source name	Image	Descr.	Line	V_peak	Telescope	V_step	RMS	Detection	Class	Distance	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)					H₂O	(km/s)		(km/s)	(mJy/beam)	Yes/No		(kpc)	(kpc)
1	21 15 55.7	+54 43 31.3	95.0533	3.9722	G95.053+3.972	G095.05+03.97	Image		22 GHz;	-83.3	VERA	0.42	355.000	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II -OH	SFR	9.260		2012 May 21 - 2015 Apr 12
2	21 32 12.4	+55 53 49.6	97.5306	3.1837	G97.525+3.182	G097.53+03.18	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	-77	VERA	0.42	108.000	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	5.650		2012 Jan 12 - 2014 Nov 07
3	21 57 25.2	+59 21 56.6	102.3533	3.6358	G102.353+3.636	G102.35+03.64	Image		22 GHz;	-85.9	VERA	0.42	3.000	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II -OH	SFR_MIXED	6.490		2012 Avg 19 - 2015 Dec 18
4	01 15 40.8	+64 46 40.8	125.5121	2.0278	G125.512+2.028	G125.52+02.03	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	-56.3	VERA	0.42	43.000	+H₂O	SFR	6.900		2012 Jan 20 - 2014 Nov 10

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	GLIMPSE 360
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(h2o_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(h2o_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(h2o_data_all.l) as l,MAX(h2o_data_all.b) as b,MAX(h2o_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(h2o_data_all.line) as line,MAX(h2o_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(h2o_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(h2o_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(h2o_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(h2o_data_all.int) as int,MAX(h2o_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.units) as units,MAX(h2o_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(h2o_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(h2o_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(h2o_data_all.url) as url,MAX(h2o_data_all.image) as image,MAX(h2o_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(h2o_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(h2o_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(h2o_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(h2o_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'SAK20' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select h2o_data_all.ra_hms,h2o_data_all.dec_dms,h2o_data_all.source_name,h2o_data_all.ra,h2o_data_all.dec,h2o_data_all.l,h2o_data_all.b,h2o_data_all.grp,h2o_data_all.other_name,h2o_data_all.other_desc,h2o_data_all.thermal,h2o_data_all.line,h2o_data_all.vrange,h2o_data_all.vpeak,h2o_data_all.peak,h2o_data_all.fwhm,h2o_data_all.int,h2o_data_all.rms,h2o_data_all.units,h2o_data_all.units_rms,h2o_data_all.date_txt,h2o_data_all.telescope_ref,h2o_data_all.telescope_conf,h2o_data_all.v_step,h2o_data_all.beam,h2o_data_all.beam_maj,h2o_data_all.beam_min,h2o_data_all.beam_pa,h2o_data_all.ref,h2o_data_all.list_ref,h2o_data_all.ascii,h2o_data_all.url,h2o_data_all.image,h2o_data_all.image2,h2o_data_all.image3,h2o_data_all.descr,h2o_data_all.id,h2o_data_all.mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.dist,h2o_data_all.dist_parallax,h2o_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'SAK20' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

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SAK20 - Vertical structure and kinematics of the Galactic outer disk

View as list of objects

Detection table from Sakai et al. (2020)