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GVA14 - IRC -10414: a bow-shock-producing red supergiant star

Short title: Gvaramadze et al. (2014)
Authors: Gvaramadze, V. V. Menten, K. M. Kniazev, A. Y. Langer, N. Mackey, J. Kraus, A. Meyer, D. M.-A. Kaminski, T.
Journal: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 437, Issue 1, p.843-856
Bibcode:

Target type: star

Abstract
Most runaway OB stars, like the majority of massive stars residing in their parent clusters, go through the red supergiant (RSG) phase during their lifetimes. Nonetheless, although many dozens of massive runaways were found to be associated with bow shocks, only two RSG bow-shock-producing stars, Betelgeuse and mu Cep, are known to date. In this paper, we report the discovery of an arc-like nebula around the late M-type star IRC -10414 using the SuperCOSMOS H-alpha Survey. Our spectroscopic follow-up of IRC -10414 with the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) showed that it is a M7 supergiant, which supports previous claims on the RSG nature of this star based on observations of its maser emission. This was reinforced by our new radio- and (sub)millimetre-wavelength molecular line observations made with the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment 12-m telescope and the Effelsberg 100-m radio telescope, respectively. The SALT spectrum of the nebula indicates that its emission is the result of shock excitation. This finding along with the arc-like shape of the nebula and an estimate of the space velocity of IRC -10414 (&ap70 � 20 km s^-1) imply the bow shock interpretation for the nebula. Thus, IRC -10414 represents the third case of a bow-shock-producing RSG and the first one with a bow shock visible at optical wavelengths. We discuss the smooth appearance of the bow shocks around IRC -10414 and Betelgeuse and propose that one of the necessary conditions for stability of bow shocks generated by RSGs is the ionization of the stellar wind. Possible ionization sources of the wind of IRC -10414 are proposed and discussed. eprintid: arXiv:1310.2245

Abstract

Most runaway OB stars, like the majority of massive stars residing in their parent clusters, go through the red supergiant (RSG) phase during their lifetimes. Nonetheless, although many dozens of massive runaways were found to be associated with bow shocks, only two RSG bow-shock-producing stars, Betelgeuse and mu Cep, are known to date. In this paper, we report the discovery of an arc-like nebula around the late M-type star IRC -10414 using the SuperCOSMOS H-alpha Survey. Our spectroscopic follow-up of IRC -10414 with the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) showed that it is a M7 supergiant, which supports previous claims on the RSG nature of this star based on observations of its maser emission. This was reinforced by our new radio- and (sub)millimetre-wavelength molecular line observations made with the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment 12-m telescope and the Effelsberg 100-m radio telescope, respectively. The SALT spectrum of the nebula indicates that its emission is the result of shock excitation. This finding along with the arc-like shape of the nebula and an estimate of the space velocity of IRC -10414 (&ap70 � 20 km s^-1) imply the bow shock interpretation for the nebula. Thus, IRC -10414 represents the third case of a bow-shock-producing RSG and the first one with a bow shock visible at optical wavelengths. We discuss the smooth appearance of the bow shocks around IRC -10414 and Betelgeuse and propose that one of the necessary conditions for stability of bow shocks generated by RSGs is the ionization of the stellar wind. Possible ionization sources of the wind of IRC -10414 are proposed and discussed. eprintid:

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Detection table from Gvaramadze et al. (2014)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	Source name	Frequency	V_range	V_peak	F_peak	∫F dv	List	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Ref.
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)			(MHz)	(km/s)	(km/s)	(Jy)	(Jy*km/s)		Yes/No		(kpc)
1	18 23 17.9	-13 42 47.3	17.5509	-0.1262	G17.551-0.126	IRC-10414	1612	19.4	32.5	0.900	8.178	ENG15	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		GVA14
	18 23 17.9	-13 42 47.3	17.5509	-0.1262	G17.551-0.126	IRC-10414	1665	28.2	24.8	3.800	9.73	ENG15	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		GVA14
	18 23 17.9	-13 42 47.3	17.5509	-0.1262	G17.551-0.126	IRC-10414	1667	29.2	26.8	8.700	19.126	ENG15	+H₂O +OH +SiO	EVOLVED		GVA14

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	GLIMPSE 360
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(oh_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(oh_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(oh_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(oh_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(oh_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(oh_data_all.l) as l,MAX(oh_data_all.b) as b,MAX(oh_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(oh_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(oh_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(oh_data_all.freq) as freq,MAX(oh_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(oh_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(oh_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(oh_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(oh_data_all.int) as int,MAX(oh_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(oh_data_all.units) as units,MAX(oh_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(oh_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(oh_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(oh_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(oh_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(oh_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(oh_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(oh_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(oh_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(oh_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(oh_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(oh_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(oh_data_all.url) as url,MAX(oh_data_all.image) as image,MAX(oh_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(oh_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(oh_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(oh_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(oh_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(oh_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM oh_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON oh_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON oh_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'GVA14' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select oh_data_all.ra_hms,oh_data_all.dec_dms,oh_data_all.source_name,oh_data_all.ra,oh_data_all.dec,oh_data_all.l,oh_data_all.b,oh_data_all.grp,oh_data_all.other_name,oh_data_all.other_desc,oh_data_all.thermal,oh_data_all.freq,oh_data_all.vrange,oh_data_all.vpeak,oh_data_all.peak,oh_data_all.fwhm,oh_data_all.int,oh_data_all.rms,oh_data_all.units,oh_data_all.units_rms,oh_data_all.date_txt,oh_data_all.telescope_ref,oh_data_all.telescope_conf,oh_data_all.v_step,oh_data_all.beam,oh_data_all.beam_maj,oh_data_all.beam_min,oh_data_all.beam_pa,oh_data_all.ref,oh_data_all.list_ref,oh_data_all.ascii,oh_data_all.url,oh_data_all.image,oh_data_all.image2,oh_data_all.image3,oh_data_all.descr,oh_data_all.id,oh_data_all.mjy_flag,oh_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,oh_data_all.dist,oh_data_all.dist_parallax,oh_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM oh_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON oh_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON oh_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'GVA14' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

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GVA14 - IRC -10414: a bow-shock-producing red supergiant star

View as list of objects

Detection table from Gvaramadze et al. (2014)