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FUR99 - VLA Observations of H₂O Masers in the Class 0 Protostar S106 FIR: Evidence for a 10 AU Scale Accelerating Jetlike Flow

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Short title: Furuya et al. (1999)
Authors: Furuya, Ray S., Kitamura, Yoshimi, Saito, Masao, Kawabe, Ryohei, Wootten, H. Alwyn
Journal: The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 525, Issue 2, pp. 821-831.
Bibcode:

Target type: HII,YSO
Transitions: H2O_22

Abstract
We conducted VLA observations at 0.06'' resolution of the 22 GHz water masers toward the Class 0 source S106 FIR (d=600 pc 15'' west of S106 IRS 4) on two epochs separated by ~3 months. Two compact clusters of the maser spots were found in the center of the submillimeter core of S106 FIR. The separation of the clusters was ~80 mas (48 AU) along P.A.=70deg, and the size of each cluster was ~20 x 10 mas. The western cluster, which had three maser components, was 8.0 km s-1 blueshifted, and the eastern cluster, which had a single component, was 7.0 km s-1 redshifted with respect to the ambient cloud velocity. Each component was composed of a few spatially localized maser spots and was aligned on a line connecting the clusters. We found relative proper motions of the components with ~30 mas yr-1 (18 AU yr-1) along the line. In addition, a series of single-dish observations shows that the maser components drifted with radial accelerations of ~1 km s-1 yr-1. These facts indicate that the masers could be excited by a 10 AU scale jetlike accelerating flow ejected from an assumed protostar located between the two clusters. The outflow size traced by the masers was 50 x 5 AU after correction for an inclination angle of 10�, which was derived from the relative proper motions and radial velocities of the maser components. The three-dimensional outflow velocity ranged from 40 to 70 km s-1 assuming symmetric proper motions for the blue and red components. Since no distinct CO molecular outflows have been detected so far, we suggest that S106 FIR is an extremely young protostar observed just after the onset of outflowing activity.

Abstract

We conducted VLA observations at 0.06'' resolution of the 22 GHz water masers toward the Class 0 source S106 FIR (d=600 pc 15'' west of S106 IRS 4) on two epochs separated by ~3 months. Two compact clusters of the maser spots were found in the center of the submillimeter core of S106 FIR. The separation of the clusters was ~80 mas (48 AU) along P.A.=70deg, and the size of each cluster was ~20 x 10 mas. The western cluster, which had three maser components, was 8.0 km s-1 blueshifted, and the eastern cluster, which had a single component, was 7.0 km s-1 redshifted with respect to the ambient cloud velocity. Each component was composed of a few spatially localized maser spots and was aligned on a line connecting the clusters. We found relative proper motions of the components with ~30 mas yr-1 (18 AU yr-1) along the line. In addition, a series of single-dish observations shows that the maser components drifted with radial accelerations of ~1 km s-1 yr-1. These facts indicate that the masers could be excited by a 10 AU scale jetlike accelerating flow ejected from an assumed protostar located between the two clusters. The outflow size traced by the masers was 50 x 5 AU after correction for an inclination angle of 10�, which was derived from the relative proper motions and radial velocities of the maser components. The three-dimensional outflow velocity ranged from 40 to 70 km s-1 assuming symmetric proper motions for the blue and red components. Since no distinct CO molecular outflows have been detected so far, we suggest that S106 FIR is an extremely young protostar observed just after the onset of outflowing activity.

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Detection table from Furuya et al. (1999)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	RA offset	Dec offset	l	b	Group id	#	Source name	Image	Descr.	Line	V_peak	F_peak	Telescope	Configuration	V_step	RMS	Beam	PA	Detection	Type	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(mas)	(mas)	(deg.)	(deg.)						H₂O	(km/s)	(Jy)			(km/s)	(mJy/beam)	(arcsec)	(deg.)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	+20 27 25.4702	+37 22 48.7541			76.380935	-0.617686	G76.381-0.618		S106 FIR A0	Image	Descr	22 GHz	6.4	1.9	NRAOVLA	A	0.3	10.500	0.063 x 0.061	85	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1996 Oct 15
	+20 27 25.4702	+37 22 48.7524	0 mas	0 mas	76.380935	-0.617686		1	S106 FIR A0				6.4	1.9
2	+20 27 25.4702	+37 22 48.7541			76.380935	-0.617686	G76.381-0.618		S106 FIR A1			22 GHz	-7.4	0.3	NRAOVLA	A	0.3	10.500	0.063 x 0.061	85	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1996 Oct 15
	+20 27 25.4748	+37 22 48.7327	68.9 mas	-19.7 mas	76.380939	-0.617702		1	S106 FIR A1				-7.4	0.3
3	+20 27 25.4702	+37 22 48.7541			76.380935	-0.617686	G76.381-0.618		S106 FIR A2			22 GHz	-9.4	1.1	NRAOVLA	A	0.3	10.500	0.063 x 0.061	85	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1996 Oct 15
	+20 27 25.4749	+37 22 48.7327	70.5 mas	-19.7 mas	76.380940	-0.617702		1	S106 FIR A2				-9.4	1.1
4	+20 27 25.4702	+37 22 48.7541			76.380935	-0.617686	G76.381-0.618		S106 FIR A3			22 GHz	-12.1	1.3	NRAOVLA	A	0.3	10.500	0.063 x 0.061	85	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1996 Oct 15
	+20 27 25.4757	+37 22 48.7326	81.3 mas	-19.8 mas	76.380941	-0.617704		1	S106 FIR A3				-12.1	1.3
5	+20 27 25.3871	+37 22 48.7492			76.380774	-0.617463	G76.381-0.618		S106 FIR B0			22 GHz	6.7	1.1	NRAOVLA	BnA	0.3	9.400	0.25 x 0.08	89	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1997 Jan 23
	+20 27 25.3807	+37 22 48.7708	-93.8 mas	22 mas	76.380767	-0.617442		1	S106 FIR B0				6.7	1.1
6	+20 27 25.3871	+37 22 48.7492			76.380774	-0.617463	G76.381-0.618		S106 FIR B1			22 GHz	-7.8	1.6	NRAOVLA	BnA	0.3	9.400	0.25 x 0.08	89	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1997 Jan 23
	+20 27 25.3861	+37 22 48.7499	-12.3 mas	1.09 mas	76.380772	-0.617460		1	S106 FIR B1				-7.8	1.6
7	+20 27 25.3871	+37 22 48.7492			76.380774	-0.617463	G76.381-0.618		S106 FIR B2			22 GHz	-9.8	2.2	NRAOVLA	BnA	0.3	9.400	0.25 x 0.08	89	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1997 Jan 23
	+20 27 25.3868	+37 22 48.735	-1.7 mas	-13.8 mas	76.380770	-0.617465		1	S106 FIR B2				-9.8	2.2
8	+20 27 25.3871	+37 22 48.7492			76.380774	-0.617463	G76.381-0.618		S106 FIR B3			22 GHz	-13.7	4	NRAOVLA	BnA	0.3	9.400	0.25 x 0.08	89	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		1997 Jan 23
	+20 27 25.387	+37 22 48.7488	0 mas	0 mas	76.380774	-0.617463		1	S106 FIR B3				-13.7	4

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	GLIMPSE 360
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(h2o_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(h2o_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(h2o_data_all.l) as l,MAX(h2o_data_all.b) as b,MAX(h2o_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(h2o_data_all.line) as line,MAX(h2o_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(h2o_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(h2o_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(h2o_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(h2o_data_all.int) as int,MAX(h2o_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.units) as units,MAX(h2o_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(h2o_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(h2o_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(h2o_data_all.image) as image,MAX(h2o_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(h2o_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(h2o_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'FUR99' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select h2o_data_all.ra_hms,h2o_data_all.dec_dms,h2o_data_all.source_name,h2o_data_all.ra,h2o_data_all.dec,h2o_data_all.l,h2o_data_all.b,h2o_data_all.grp,h2o_data_all.other_name,h2o_data_all.other_desc,h2o_data_all.thermal,h2o_data_all.line,h2o_data_all.vrange,h2o_data_all.vpeak,h2o_data_all.peak,h2o_data_all.fwhm,h2o_data_all.int,h2o_data_all.rms,h2o_data_all.units,h2o_data_all.units_rms,h2o_data_all.date_txt,h2o_data_all.telescope_ref,h2o_data_all.telescope_conf,h2o_data_all.v_step,h2o_data_all.beam,h2o_data_all.beam_maj,h2o_data_all.beam_min,h2o_data_all.beam_pa,h2o_data_all.ref,h2o_data_all.list_ref,h2o_data_all.ascii,h2o_data_all.image,h2o_data_all.descr,h2o_data_all.id,h2o_data_all.mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.dist,h2o_data_all.dist_parallax,h2o_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'FUR99' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

Display data from paper

FUR99 - VLA Observations of H2O Masers in the Class 0 Protostar S106 FIR: Evidence for a 10 AU Scale Accelerating Jetlike Flow

Interferometry data

View as list of objects

Detection table from Furuya et al. (1999)

FUR99 - VLA Observations of H₂O Masers in the Class 0 Protostar S106 FIR: Evidence for a 10 AU Scale Accelerating Jetlike Flow