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CHE18 - Direct Evidence for Maser Emission from the 36.2 GHz Class I Transition of Methanol in NGC253

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Short title: Chen et al. (2018)
Authors: Chen, Xi Ellingsen, Simon P. Shen, Zhi-Qiang McCarthy, Tiege P. Zhong, Wei-Ye Deng, Hui
Journal: The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 856, Issue 2, article id. L35, 6 pp. (2018).
Bibcode:

Target type: Extragalactic
Transitions: CH3OH_36(I)

Abstract
Observations made with the Jansky Very large Array (JVLA) at an angular resolution of ~0.1 arcsec have detected class I methanol maser emission from the 36.2 GHz transition toward the starburst galaxy NGC 253. The methanol emission is detected toward four sites which lie within the regions of extended methanol emission detected in previous lower angular resolution (a few arcseconds) observations. The peak flux densities of the detected compact components are in the range 3-9 mJy beam^-1. Combining the JVLA data with single-dish observations from the Shanghai Tianma Radio Telescope (TMRT) and previous interferometric observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), we show that the 36.2 GHz class I methanol emission consists of both extended and compact structures, with typical scales of ~6 arcsec (0.1 kpc) and ~0.05 arcsec (1 pc), respectively. The strongest components have a brightness temperature of >10³ K, much higher than the maximum kinetic temperature (~100 K) of the thermal methanol emission from NGC 253. Therefore, these observations conclusively demonstrate for the first time the presence of maser emission from a class I methanol transition in an external galaxy.

Abstract

Observations made with the Jansky Very large Array (JVLA) at an angular resolution of ~0.1 arcsec have detected class I methanol maser emission from the 36.2 GHz transition toward the starburst galaxy NGC 253. The methanol emission is detected toward four sites which lie within the regions of extended methanol emission detected in previous lower angular resolution (a few arcseconds) observations. The peak flux densities of the detected compact components are in the range 3-9 mJy beam^-1. Combining the JVLA data with single-dish observations from the Shanghai Tianma Radio Telescope (TMRT) and previous interferometric observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), we show that the 36.2 GHz class I methanol emission consists of both extended and compact structures, with typical scales of ~6 arcsec (0.1 kpc) and ~0.05 arcsec (1 pc), respectively. The strongest components have a brightness temperature of >10³ K, much higher than the maximum kinetic temperature (~100 K) of the thermal methanol emission from NGC 253. Therefore, these observations conclusively demonstrate for the first time the presence of maser emission from a class I methanol transition in an external galaxy.

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Detection table from Chen et al. (2018)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	RA offset	Dec offset	l	b	Group id	#	Maser spot	Source name	Image	Line	V_peak	F_peak	∫F dv	Telescope	Beam	PA	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(mas)	(mas)	(deg.)	(deg.)						CH₃OH (class I)	(km/s)	(Jy/beam)	(Jy/beam*km/s)		(arcsec)	(deg.)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	+00 47 33.1	-25 17 18			97.366075	-87.96407	G97.436-87.964			NGC 253	Image	36 GHz (I);				NRAOVLA	0.16 x 0.07	-28	+CH₃OH I	GALAXY
	+00 47 33.915	-25 17 10.47	12223.8 mas	7528.8 mas	97.469297	-87.963477		1	A	NGC 253			215	3.3	91.2
	+00 47 33.675	-25 17 13.55	8623.8 mas	4448.8 mas	97.436050	-87.963870		2	B	NGC 253			202	9.2	208.1
	+00 47 31.953	-25 17 28.15	-17206.2 mas	-10151.2 mas	97.222200	-87.964780		3	C	NGC 253			346	5.4	88.8
	+00 47 31.946	-25 17 30.1	-17311.2 mas	-12101.2 mas	97.215014	-87.965259		4	D	NGC 253			306	4.4	119.6

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	GLIMPSE 360
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(met1_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(met1_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(met1_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(met1_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(met1_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(met1_data_all.l) as l,MAX(met1_data_all.b) as b,MAX(met1_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(met1_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(met1_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(met1_data_all.line) as line,MAX(met1_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(met1_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(met1_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(met1_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(met1_data_all.int) as int,MAX(met1_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(met1_data_all.units) as units,MAX(met1_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(met1_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(met1_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(met1_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(met1_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(met1_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(met1_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(met1_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(met1_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(met1_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(met1_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(met1_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(met1_data_all.url) as url,MAX(met1_data_all.image) as image,MAX(met1_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(met1_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(met1_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(met1_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(met1_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(met1_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM met1_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON met1_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON met1_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'CHE18' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select met1_data_all.ra_hms,met1_data_all.dec_dms,met1_data_all.source_name,met1_data_all.ra,met1_data_all.dec,met1_data_all.l,met1_data_all.b,met1_data_all.grp,met1_data_all.other_name,met1_data_all.other_desc,met1_data_all.thermal,met1_data_all.line,met1_data_all.vrange,met1_data_all.vpeak,met1_data_all.peak,met1_data_all.fwhm,met1_data_all.int,met1_data_all.rms,met1_data_all.units,met1_data_all.units_rms,met1_data_all.date_txt,met1_data_all.telescope_ref,met1_data_all.telescope_conf,met1_data_all.v_step,met1_data_all.beam,met1_data_all.beam_maj,met1_data_all.beam_min,met1_data_all.beam_pa,met1_data_all.ref,met1_data_all.list_ref,met1_data_all.ascii,met1_data_all.url,met1_data_all.image,met1_data_all.image2,met1_data_all.image3,met1_data_all.descr,met1_data_all.id,met1_data_all.mjy_flag,met1_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,met1_data_all.dist,met1_data_all.dist_parallax,met1_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM met1_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON met1_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON met1_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'CHE18' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

Display data from paper

CHE18 - Direct Evidence for Maser Emission from the 36.2 GHz Class I Transition of Methanol in NGC253

Interferometry data

View as list of objects

Detection table from Chen et al. (2018)