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H
2
O
BOB98 - A Water Maser Flare in W49N: Amplification by a Rotating Foreground Cloud
Short title
: Boboltz et al. (1998)
Authors
: Boboltz, D. A.Simonetti, John H.Dennison, BrianDiamond, P. J.Uphoff, J. A.
Journal
: The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 509, Issue 1, pp. 256-261.
Bibcode
:
1998ApJ...509..256B
Target type
: High_mass_SFR
Abstract
We monitored the 22 GHz H
2
O maser emission toward W49N from December 1989 through May 1990. During this period we observed an outburst in a component at -66.25 km s
-1
. The flux density of the flaring component increased by a factor of >~10 to a maximum of 4020 Jy over a period of 24 days and decreased over the following 34 days to 1400 Jy on the last day of monitoring. During the flux increase the line narrowed from about 1.1 to 0.8 km s
-1
it subsequently rebroadened to 1.0 km s
-1
. Most interestingly, during the flaring behavior the line center shifted by approximately 0.5 km s
-1
over the 58 day period. To explain the flare, particularly its shifting line center, we present a model of two interacting maser clouds. In the model, saturated maser radiation produced in a background cloud is amplified by an unsaturated, masing foreground cloud. Motion of the foreground cloud across the line of sight produces a flaring line, accompanied by line narrowing. We demonstrate that the observed flare in W49N may be explained by such a model where a rotating foreground cloud passes in front of a nonrotating background cloud. The differential amplification of the background cloud's radiation produces the observed increase in flux density, line narrowing, and systematic shift in center velocity.
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Detection table from Boboltz et al. (1998)
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individual components
ID
Obs. RA
Obs. Dec
l
b
Group id
Source name
Image
Descr.
Line
V
range
V
peak
F
peak
Telescope
V
step
Detection
Class
Dist. (parallax)
Date
(J2000)
(J2000)
(deg.)
(deg.)
H
2
O
(km/s)
(km/s)
(Jy)
(km/s)
Yes
/
No
(kpc)
1
+19 10 13.6058
+09 06 13.3638
43.1669
0.0105
G43.167+0.011
W49N
Image
Descr
22 GHz
;
-90;-63
-66.25
4020
VLBA
0.096
+H
2
O
+CH
3
OH I
+CH
3
OH II
+OH
SFR_MIXED
1989 Dec - 1990 May
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X
DSS colored
2MASS colored
WISE colored
SDSS color
IRAC color I1,I2,I4
GLIMPSE 360
PACS color (70-160 um)
SPIRE color (250-500 um)
NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um
ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck
Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K
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select MAX(h2o_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(h2o_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(h2o_data_all.l) as l,MAX(h2o_data_all.b) as b,MAX(h2o_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(h2o_data_all.line) as line,MAX(h2o_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(h2o_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(h2o_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(h2o_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(h2o_data_all.int) as int,MAX(h2o_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.units) as units,MAX(h2o_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(h2o_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(h2o_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(h2o_data_all.url) as url,MAX(h2o_data_all.image) as image,MAX(h2o_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(h2o_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(h2o_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(h2o_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(h2o_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line" WHERE ref ilike 'BOB98' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref
select h2o_data_all.ra_hms,h2o_data_all.dec_dms,h2o_data_all.source_name,h2o_data_all.ra,h2o_data_all.dec,h2o_data_all.l,h2o_data_all.b,h2o_data_all.grp,h2o_data_all.other_name,h2o_data_all.other_desc,h2o_data_all.thermal,h2o_data_all.line,h2o_data_all.vrange,h2o_data_all.vpeak,h2o_data_all.peak,h2o_data_all.fwhm,h2o_data_all.int,h2o_data_all.rms,h2o_data_all.units,h2o_data_all.units_rms,h2o_data_all.date_txt,h2o_data_all.telescope_ref,h2o_data_all.telescope_conf,h2o_data_all.v_step,h2o_data_all.beam,h2o_data_all.beam_maj,h2o_data_all.beam_min,h2o_data_all.beam_pa,h2o_data_all.ref,h2o_data_all.list_ref,h2o_data_all.ascii,h2o_data_all.url,h2o_data_all.image,h2o_data_all.image2,h2o_data_all.image3,h2o_data_all.descr,h2o_data_all.id,h2o_data_all.mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.dist,h2o_data_all.dist_parallax,h2o_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line" WHERE ref ilike 'BOB98' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id
