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MOM17 - The Zeeman Effect in the 44 GHz Class I Methanol Maser Line toward DR21(OH)

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Short title: Momjian & Sarma (2017)
Authors: Momjian, E. Sarma, A. P.
Journal: The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 834, Issue 2, article id. 168, 6 pp. (2017).
Bibcode:

Target type: High_mass_SFR
Transitions: SiO_1-0v0,CH3OH_25-30_GHz(I),CH3OH_36(I),CH3OH_44(I),CH3OH_84(I),CH3OH_95(I),CH3OH_6(II),CH3OH_37(II),CH3OH_38(II)

Abstract
We report detection of the Zeeman effect in the 44 GHz Class I methanol maser line, toward the star-forming region DR21(OH). In a 219 Jy beam^-1 maser centered at an LSR velocity of 0.83 km s^-1, we find a 20-sigma detection of zB_los = 53.5 � 2.7 Hz. If 44 GHz methanol masers are excited at n &tilde 10^7-8 cm^-3, then the B versus n^1/2 relation would imply, from comparison with Zeeman effect detections in the CN(1 - 0) line toward DR21(OH), that magnetic fields traced by 44 GHz methanol masers in DR21(OH) should be &tilde10 mG. Combined with our detected zB_los = 53.5 Hz, this would imply that the value of the 44 GHz methanol Zeeman splitting factor z is &tilde5 Hz mG^-1. Such small values of z would not be a surprise, as the methanol molecule is non-paramagnetic, like H₂O. Empirical attempts to determine z, as demonstrated, are important because there currently are no laboratory measurements or theoretically calculated values of z for the 44 GHz CH₃OH transition. Data from observations of a larger number of sources are needed to make such empirical determinations robust. eprintid: arXiv:1610.09047

Abstract

We report detection of the Zeeman effect in the 44 GHz Class I methanol maser line, toward the star-forming region DR21(OH). In a 219 Jy beam^-1 maser centered at an LSR velocity of 0.83 km s^-1, we find a 20-sigma detection of zB_los = 53.5 � 2.7 Hz. If 44 GHz methanol masers are excited at n &tilde 10^7-8 cm^-3, then the B versus n^1/2 relation would imply, from comparison with Zeeman effect detections in the CN(1 - 0) line toward DR21(OH), that magnetic fields traced by 44 GHz methanol masers in DR21(OH) should be &tilde10 mG. Combined with our detected zB_los = 53.5 Hz, this would imply that the value of the 44 GHz methanol Zeeman splitting factor z is &tilde5 Hz mG^-1. Such small values of z would not be a surprise, as the methanol molecule is non-paramagnetic, like H₂O. Empirical attempts to determine z, as demonstrated, are important because there currently are no laboratory measurements or theoretically calculated values of z for the 44 GHz CH₃OH transition. Data from observations of a larger number of sources are needed to make such empirical determinations robust. eprintid:

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Detection table from Momjian & Sarma (2017)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	RA offset	Dec offset	l	b	Group id	#	Source name	Line	V_peak	F_peak	∫F dv	Telescope	RMS	Beam	PA	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(mas)	(mas)	(deg.)	(deg.)				CH₃OH (class I)	(km/s)	(Jy/beam)	(Jy/beam*km/s)		(mJy/beam)	(arcsec)	(deg.)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	+20 39 08	+42 22 47			81.73439	0.553722	G81.713+0.567		DR21(OH)	44 GHz (I);	0.203 .. 0.786	0.35 .. 323.2	..	NRAOVLA	12.000	0.63 x 0.5	75.3	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH -SiO	SFR
	+20 38 59.25	+42 22 48.2	-131249 mas	1200.8 mas	81.718271	0.575300		1	DR21(OH)		0.365 (0.002)	219.23 (3.91)
	+20 38 59.25	+42 22 48.2	-131249 mas	1200.8 mas	81.718271	0.575300		2	DR21(OH)		0.484 (0.010)	82.74 (2.13)
	+20 38 59.29	+42 22 47	-130649 mas	0 mas	81.718081	0.574999		3	DR21(OH)		0.372 (0.007)	7.11 (0.12)
	+20 38 59.31	+42 22 49.1	-130349 mas	2100.8 mas	81.718581	0.575305		4	DR21(OH)		0.352 (0.003)	16.33 (0.12)
	+20 38 59.33	+42 22 46.8	-130049 mas	-199.2 mas	81.718112	0.574868		5	DR21(OH)		0.300 (0.008)	6.64 (0.10)
	+20 38 59.7	+42 22 41.7	-124499 mas	-5299.2 mas	81.717680	0.573102		6	DR21(OH)		0.786 (0.027)	0.35 (0.01)
	+20 38 59.71	+42 22 45.3	-124349 mas	-1699.2 mas	81.718492	0.573686		7	DR21(OH)		0.402 (0.034)	0.52 (0.04)
	+20 38 59.71	+42 22 49.1	-124349 mas	2100.8 mas	81.719330	0.574328		8	DR21(OH)		0.264 (0.041)	1.03 (0.34)
	+20 38 59.71	+42 22 49.1	-124349 mas	2100.8 mas	81.719330	0.574328		9	DR21(OH)		0.475 (0.148)	0.49 (0.15)
	+20 38 59.76	+42 22 44.7	-123599 mas	-2299.2 mas	81.718454	0.573462		10	DR21(OH)		0.365 (0.025)	0.72 (0.04)
	+20 38 59.85	+42 22 45.4	-122249 mas	-1599.2 mas	81.718776	0.573361		11	DR21(OH)		0.219 (0.003)	14.79 (0.09)
	+20 38 59.85	+42 22 45.7	-122249 mas	-1299.2 mas	81.718843	0.573411		12	DR21(OH)		0.227 (0.004)	3.80 (0.04)
	+20 38 59.89	+42 22 44.9	-121649 mas	-2099.2 mas	81.718741	0.573178		13	DR21(OH)		0.241 (0.004)	16.46 (0.12)
	+20 38 59.91	+42 22 44.5	-121349 mas	-2499.2 mas	81.718690	0.573062		14	DR21(OH)		0.203 (0.001)	18.11 (0.14)
	+20 38 59.96	+42 22 34.7	-120599 mas	-12299.2 mas	81.716623	0.571284		15	DR21(OH)		0.267 (0.021)	0.75 (0.05)
	+20 39 0.15	+42 22 47.3	-117749 mas	300.8 mas	81.719757	0.572949		16	DR21(OH)		0.387 (0.003)	10.48 (0.07)
	+20 39 0.23	+42 22 45.4	-116549 mas	-1599.2 mas	81.719488	0.572432		17	DR21(OH)		0.309 (0.002)	323.20 (1.22)
	+20 39 0.23	+42 22 45.4	-116549 mas	-1599.2 mas	81.719488	0.572432		18	DR21(OH)		0.309 (0.011)	44.30 (1.22)
	+20 39 0.25	+42 22 46.8	-116249 mas	-199.2 mas	81.719834	0.572620		19	DR21(OH)		0.279 (0.003)	11.79 (0.10)
	+20 39 0.25	+42 22 46	-116249 mas	-999.2 mas	81.719658	0.572485		20	DR21(OH)		0.605 (0.041)	0.83 (0.05)
	+20 39 0.25	+42 22 46	-116249 mas	-999.2 mas	81.719658	0.572485		21	DR21(OH)		0.368 (0.003)	7.99 (0.06)
	+20 39 0.3	+42 22 46.6	-115499 mas	-399.2 mas	81.719883	0.572464		22	DR21(OH)		0.312 (0.007)	0.90 (0.01)
	+20 39 0.33	+42 22 47.8	-115049 mas	800.8 mas	81.720204	0.572593		23	DR21(OH)		0.455 (0.004)	1.15 (0.01)
	+20 39 0.51	+42 22 47.1	-112349 mas	100.8 mas	81.720387	0.572035		24	DR21(OH)		0.270 (0.018)	0.72 (0.03)
	+20 39 0.53	+42 22 47.1	-112049 mas	100.8 mas	81.720424	0.571986		25	DR21(OH)		0.468 (0.023)	1.82 (0.04)
	+20 39 0.53	+42 22 47.1	-112049 mas	100.8 mas	81.720424	0.571986		26	DR21(OH)		0.300 (0.054)	1.09 (0.19)
	+20 39 0.52	+42 22 47.1	-112199 mas	100.8 mas	81.720406	0.572011		27	DR21(OH)		0.367 (0.022)	2.77 (0.05)
	+20 39 1.01	+42 22 41.1	-104849 mas	-5899.2 mas	81.720000	0.569800		28	DR21(OH)		0.470 (0.005)	0.81 (0.01)
	+20 39 1.2	+42 22 40.5	-101999 mas	-6499.2 mas	81.720223	0.569234		29	DR21(OH)		0.755 (0.031)	0.63 (0.02)

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	GLIMPSE 360
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(met1_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(met1_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(met1_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(met1_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(met1_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(met1_data_all.l) as l,MAX(met1_data_all.b) as b,MAX(met1_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(met1_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(met1_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(met1_data_all.line) as line,MAX(met1_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(met1_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(met1_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(met1_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(met1_data_all.int) as int,MAX(met1_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(met1_data_all.units) as units,MAX(met1_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(met1_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(met1_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(met1_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(met1_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(met1_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(met1_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(met1_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(met1_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(met1_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(met1_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(met1_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(met1_data_all.url) as url,MAX(met1_data_all.image) as image,MAX(met1_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(met1_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(met1_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(met1_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(met1_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(met1_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM met1_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON met1_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON met1_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'MOM17' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select met1_data_all.ra_hms,met1_data_all.dec_dms,met1_data_all.source_name,met1_data_all.ra,met1_data_all.dec,met1_data_all.l,met1_data_all.b,met1_data_all.grp,met1_data_all.other_name,met1_data_all.other_desc,met1_data_all.thermal,met1_data_all.line,met1_data_all.vrange,met1_data_all.vpeak,met1_data_all.peak,met1_data_all.fwhm,met1_data_all.int,met1_data_all.rms,met1_data_all.units,met1_data_all.units_rms,met1_data_all.date_txt,met1_data_all.telescope_ref,met1_data_all.telescope_conf,met1_data_all.v_step,met1_data_all.beam,met1_data_all.beam_maj,met1_data_all.beam_min,met1_data_all.beam_pa,met1_data_all.ref,met1_data_all.list_ref,met1_data_all.ascii,met1_data_all.url,met1_data_all.image,met1_data_all.image2,met1_data_all.image3,met1_data_all.descr,met1_data_all.id,met1_data_all.mjy_flag,met1_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,met1_data_all.dist,met1_data_all.dist_parallax,met1_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM met1_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON met1_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON met1_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'MOM17' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

Display data from paper

MOM17 - The Zeeman Effect in the 44 GHz Class I Methanol Maser Line toward DR21(OH)

Interferometry data

View as list of objects

Detection table from Momjian & Sarma (2017)