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CAS11 - A water maser survey towards the Galactic Centre

Short title: Caswell et al. (2011)
Authors: Caswell, J. L.Breen, S. L.Ellingsen, S. P.
Journal: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 410, Issue 2, pp. 1283-1294.
Bibcode:

Target type: Galaxy_center
Transitions: CH3OH_6(II)

Abstract
We have used the Australia Telescope Compact Array to survey the Galactic Centre for the 22-GHz transition of water. The survey provides an unbiased search for water masers within a 0.5 deg² region about the Centre, and the small synthesized beam directly yields positions to arcsecond accuracy. The detected sources were re-observed 4 months later and showed considerable changes in their spectra, with two sources found in the follow-up that were not seen in the original survey, yielding a total of 27 maser detections. Comparison with methanol and OH surveys shows that, at current sensitivity levels, water masers greatly outnumber the other species. 12 of our maser detections had previously been reported, discovered during searches towards interesting targets in the survey area. The majority of our sources are quite weak, consistent with excitation by young massive stars mostly near the Galactic Centre. Our spectra reveal high-velocity outflows at one-quarter of the water maser sites, a statistic similar to sites in the remainder of the Galaxy.

Abstract

We have used the Australia Telescope Compact Array to survey the Galactic Centre for the 22-GHz transition of water. The survey provides an unbiased search for water masers within a 0.5 deg² region about the Centre, and the small synthesized beam directly yields positions to arcsecond accuracy. The detected sources were re-observed 4 months later and showed considerable changes in their spectra, with two sources found in the follow-up that were not seen in the original survey, yielding a total of 27 maser detections.

Comparison with methanol and OH surveys shows that, at current sensitivity levels, water masers greatly outnumber the other species. 12 of our maser detections had previously been reported, discovered during searches towards interesting targets in the survey area. The majority of our sources are quite weak, consistent with excitation by young massive stars mostly near the Galactic Centre. Our spectra reveal high-velocity outflows at one-quarter of the water maser sites, a statistic similar to sites in the remainder of the Galaxy.

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Detection table from Caswell et al. (2011)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	Source name	Other name	Image	Descr.	V_range	V_peak	F_peak	Telescope	RMS	Beam	Detection	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)			Obs type			(km/s)	(km/s)	(Jy)		(Jy)	(arcsec)	Yes/No
1	17 46 27.3	-29 22 0.5	359.7270	-0.3796	G359.725-0.392	359.727-0.380	Follow-up	Image		-7;-3	-5	80	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 27.3	-29 22 0.5	359.7270	-0.3796	G359.725-0.392	359.727-0.380	Survey			-7;-3	-5	15	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	2007 October 9
2	17 46 28.7	-29 20 29.5	359.7513	-0.3710	G359.751-0.371	359.751-0.371	Follow-up	Image	Descr	-65;69	-15	6	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +OH	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 28.7	-29 20 29.5	359.7513	-0.3710	G359.751-0.371	359.751-0.371	Survey			-65;69	-58	9.6	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +OH	2007 October 9
3	17 45 36.3	-29 05 50	359.8609	-0.0813	G359.985-0.050	359.861-0.081	Follow-up	Image	Descr	3;16	13	4.5	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 May 26-27
	17 45 36.3	-29 05 50	359.8609	-0.0813	G359.985-0.050	359.861-0.081	Survey			3;16	12	4.3	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 October 9
4	17 45 37.9	-29 05 45	359.8651	-0.0855	G359.985-0.050	359.865-0.085	Follow-up	Image	Descr	-36;32	-19	1.65	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 May 26-27
5	17 46 40.5	-29 12 54.7	359.8816	-0.3420	G359.882-0.342	359.882-0.342	Follow-up	Image	Descr	87;100	97	0.25	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 40.5	-29 12 54.7	359.8816	-0.3420	G359.882-0.342	359.882-0.342	Survey			87;100	97	0.82	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O	2007 October 9
6	17 45 37.5	-29 03 50.1	359.8916	-0.0676	G359.985-0.050	359.892-0.068	Follow-up	Image	Descr	18;39	28	1.6	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 May 26-27
	17 45 37.5	-29 03 50.1	359.8916	-0.0676	G359.985-0.050	359.892-0.068	Survey			18;39	27	0.89	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 October 9
7	17 46 1.9	-29 03 58.7	359.9358	-0.1446	G359.985-0.050	359.936-0.145	Follow-up	Image	Descr	-59;24	-19	12.7	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 1.9	-29 03 58.7	359.9358	-0.1446	G359.985-0.050	359.936-0.145	Survey			-59;24	-18	5.2	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 October 9
8	17 45 56.1	-28 55 51.4	0.0404	-0.0562	G359.985-0.050	0.040-0.056	Survey	Image		52;58	55	1.28	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 October 9
9	17 46 34.5	-28 59 58.4	0.0546	-0.2114	G0.055-0.211	0.055-0.211	Follow-up	Image	Descr	0;22	14	9.3	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 34.5	-28 59 58.4	0.0546	-0.2114	G0.055-0.211	0.055-0.211	Survey	Image		0;22	13	2.2	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O	2007 October 9
10	17 46 29.9	-28 56 21.8	0.0973	-0.1659	G0.090-0.173	0.097-0.166	Follow-up	Image		-6;3	0.001	1.2	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +SiO	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 29.9	-28 56 21.8	0.0973	-0.1659	G0.090-0.173	0.097-0.166	Survey			-6;3	0.001	0.95	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +SiO	2007 October 9
11	17 46 15.2	-28 53 41	0.1076	-0.0969	G359.985-0.050	0.108-0.097	Follow-up	Image	Descr	-34;-27	-31	0.25	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 15.2	-28 53 41	0.1076	-0.0969	G359.985-0.050	0.108-0.097	Survey			-34;-27	-31	0.89	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 October 9
12	17 46 10.7	-28 51 51.2	0.1250	-0.0668	G359.985-0.050	0.125-0.067	Follow-up	Image	Descr	-27;-22	-25	2.3	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 10.7	-28 51 51.2	0.1250	-0.0668	G359.985-0.050	0.125-0.067	Survey			-27;-22	-26	0.74	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 October 9
13	17 46 27.9	-28 50 22.7	0.1787	-0.1079	G359.985-0.050	0.179-0.108	Follow-up	Image	Descr	63;92	81	1.5	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 27.9	-28 50 22.7	0.1787	-0.1079	G359.985-0.050	0.179-0.108	Survey			63;92	81	1.7	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 October 9
14	17 46 7.3	-28 45 33.1	0.2083	-0.0016	G359.985-0.050	0.209-0.002	Follow-up	Image	Descr	21;43	42	1.1	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 7.3	-28 45 33.1	0.2083	-0.0016	G359.985-0.050	0.209-0.002	Survey			21;43	30	0.9	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 October 9
15	17 46 7.6	-28 45 21.6	0.2116	-0.0009	G359.985-0.050	0.212-0.002	Follow-up	Image	Descr	44;60	45	0.45	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 7.6	-28 45 21.6	0.2116	-0.0009	G359.985-0.050	0.212-0.002	Survey			44;60	45	0.16	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 October 9
16	17 46 10.1	-28 45 38.6	0.2123	-0.0111	G359.985-0.050	0.212-0.011	Follow-up	Image	Descr	66;100	98	0.2	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 10.1	-28 45 38.6	0.2123	-0.0111	G359.985-0.050	0.212-0.011	Survey	Image		66;100	70	1	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 October 9
17	17 46 13	-28 45 50.9	0.2150	-0.0221	G359.985-0.050	0.216-0.023	Follow-up	Image	Descr	-21;17	-13	1.6	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 13	-28 45 50.9	0.2150	-0.0221	G359.985-0.050	0.216-0.023	Survey			-21;17	-13	2.5	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH +SiO	2007 October 9
18	17 46 44.8	-28 49 50.9	0.2182	-0.1557	G0.218-0.156	0.218-0.156	Follow-up	Image	Descr	42;81	45	4	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 44.8	-28 49 50.9	0.2182	-0.1557	G0.218-0.156	0.218-0.156	Survey			42;81	46	7.5	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O	2007 October 9
19	17 47 0.6	-28 45 45.4	0.3065	-0.1698	G0.307-0.172	0.306-0.170	Follow-up	Image	Descr	1;13	11	15	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +OH	2007 May 26-27
	17 47 0.6	-28 45 45.4	0.3065	-0.1698	G0.307-0.172	0.306-0.170	Survey	Image		1;13	7	95	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +OH	2007 October 9
20	17 47 2.2	-28 45 55.5	0.3070	-0.1761	G0.307-0.172	0.308-0.177	Follow-up	Image	Descr	-30;-24	-28	3.6	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +OH	2007 May 26-27
	17 47 2.2	-28 45 55.5	0.3070	-0.1761	G0.307-0.172	0.308-0.177	Survey			-30;-24	-28	1.26	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +OH	2007 October 9
21	17 47 9.2	-28 46 17	0.3152	-0.2012	G0.315-0.201	0.316-0.201	Follow-up	Image	Descr	-14;24	21	2.9	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH II	2007 May 26-27
	17 47 9.2	-28 46 17	0.3152	-0.2012	G0.315-0.201	0.316-0.201	Survey			-14;24	22	2.1	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +CH₃OH II	2007 October 9
22	17 46 1.7	-28 35 53.6	0.3351	0.0996	G0.335+0.100	0.335+0.100	Follow-up	Image	Descr	-15;7	-14	4.5	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 1.7	-28 35 53.6	0.3351	0.0996	G0.335+0.100	0.335+0.100	Survey			-15;7	3	1	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O	2007 October 9
23	17 46 36.8	-28 38 3.7	0.3710	-0.0289	G0.379-0.011	0.371-0.029	Follow-up	Image	Descr	-1;12	4	0.35	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 36.8	-28 38 3.7	0.3710	-0.0289	G0.379-0.011	0.371-0.029	Survey			-1;12	3	1.9	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +CH₃OH I	2007 October 9
24	17 47 09	-28 42 6.5	0.3744	-0.1645	G0.374-0.165	0.374-0.165	Follow-up	Image	Descr	-22;-3	-6	3.2	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O	2007 May 26-27
	17 47 09	-28 42 6.5	0.3744	-0.1645	G0.374-0.165	0.374-0.165	Survey			-22;-3	-10	2.2	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O	2007 October 9
25	17 46 21.4	-28 35 40.2	0.3757	0.0401	G0.404+0.047	0.376+0.040	Follow-up	Image	Descr	7;81	39	10.8	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 21.4	-28 35 40.2	0.3757	0.0401	G0.404+0.047	0.376+0.040	Survey			7;81	41	21.4	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	2007 October 9
26	17 46 21.8	-28 35 25.4	0.3800	0.0408	G0.404+0.047	0.380+0.041	Follow-up	Image	Descr	22;50	40	3.3	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	2007 May 26-27
	17 46 21.8	-28 35 25.4	0.3800	0.0408	G0.404+0.047	0.380+0.041	Survey			22;50	25	3.6	ATCA	0.100	25	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	2007 October 9
27	17 46 18.5	-28 34 49.1	0.3825	0.0562	G0.404+0.047	0.382+0.056	Follow-up	Image	Descr	10;14	12	2.8	ATCA	0.100	10 x 7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	2007 May 26-27

Non-detection table from Caswell et al. (2011)