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BRO18 - The Extraordinary Outburst in the Massive Protostellar System NGC 6334I-MM1: Flaring of the Water Masers in a North-South Bipolar Outflow Driven by MM1B

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Short title: Brogan et al. (2018)
Authors: Brogan, C. L.Hunter, T. R.Cyganowski, C. J.Chibueze, J. O.Friesen, R. K.Hirota, T.MacLeod, G. C.McGuire, B. A.Sobolev, A. M.
Journal: The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 866, Issue 2, article id. 87, 15 pp. (2018).
Bibcode:

Target type: High_mass_SFR

Abstract
We compare multi-epoch sub-arcsecond Very Large Array imaging of the 22 GHz water masers toward the massive protocluster NGC 6334I observed before and after the recent outburst of MM1B in (sub)millimeter continuum. Since the outburst, the water maser emission toward MM1 has substantially weakened. Simultaneously, the strong water masers associated with the synchrotron continuum point source CM2 have flared by a mean factor of 6.5 (to 4.2 kJy) with highly blueshifted features (up to 70 km s^-1 from the LSR) becoming more prominent. The strongest flaring water masers reside 3000 au north of MM1B and form a remarkable bow shock pattern whose vertex coincides with CM2 and tail points back to MM1B. Excited OH masers trace a secondary bow shock located âˆ¼120 au downstream. Atacama Large Millimeter Array images of CS (6-5) reveal a highly collimated north-south structure encompassing the flaring masers to the north and the nonflaring masers to the south seen in projection toward the MM3-UCHII region. Proper motions of the southern water masers over 5.3 years indicate a bulk projected motion of 117 km s^-1 southward from MM1B with a dynamical time of 170 years. We conclude that CM2, the water masers, and many of the excited OH masers trace the interaction of the high-velocity bipolar outflow from MM1B with ambient molecular gas. The previously excavated outflow cavity has apparently allowed the radiative energy of the current outburst to propagate freely until terminating at the northern bow shock where it strengthened the masers. Additionally, water masers have been detected toward MM7 for the first time, and a highly collimated CS (6-5) outflow has been detected toward MM4.

Abstract

We compare multi-epoch sub-arcsecond Very Large Array imaging of the 22 GHz water masers toward the massive protocluster NGC 6334I observed before and after the recent outburst of MM1B in (sub)millimeter continuum. Since the outburst, the water maser emission toward MM1 has substantially weakened. Simultaneously, the strong water masers associated with the synchrotron continuum point source CM2 have flared by a mean factor of 6.5 (to 4.2 kJy) with highly blueshifted features (up to 70 km s^-1 from the LSR) becoming more prominent. The strongest flaring water masers reside 3000 au north of MM1B and form a remarkable bow shock pattern whose vertex coincides with CM2 and tail points back to MM1B. Excited OH masers trace a secondary bow shock located âˆ¼120 au downstream. Atacama Large Millimeter Array images of CS (6-5) reveal a highly collimated north-south structure encompassing the flaring masers to the north and the nonflaring masers to the south seen in projection toward the MM3-UCHII region. Proper motions of the southern water masers over 5.3 years indicate a bulk projected motion of 117 km s^-1 southward from MM1B with a dynamical time of 170 years. We conclude that CM2, the water masers, and many of the excited OH masers trace the interaction of the high-velocity bipolar outflow from MM1B with ambient molecular gas. The previously excavated outflow cavity has apparently allowed the radiative energy of the current outburst to propagate freely until terminating at the northern bow shock where it strengthened the masers. Additionally, water masers have been detected toward MM7 for the first time, and a highly collimated CS (6-5) outflow has been detected toward MM4.

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Detection table from Brogan et al. (2018)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	RA offset	Dec offset	l	b	Group id	#	Maser spot	Source name	Image	Descr.	Line	V_peak	F_peak	∫F dv	Telescope	Configuration	V_step	RMS	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(mas)	(mas)	(deg.)	(deg.)							H₂O	(km/s)	(Jy)	(Jy*km/s)			(km/s)	(mJy/beam)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	+17 20 53.4	-35 46 56			351.418122	0.645989	G351.417+0.645			NGC 6334I (2011 Sep)			22_GHz;	-24.25 .. 8.75	2.07 .. 398		NRAOVLA	A	0.42	24.000	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		2011 Sep 09
	+17 20 53.38	-35 46 55.73	-300 mas	269.2 mas	351.418145	0.646088		1	CM2-W1	NGC 6334I (2011 Sep)				-5.25	398	1790
	+17 20 53.431	-35 46 55.42	465 mas	579.2 mas	351.418314	0.645995		2	CM2-W2	NGC 6334I (2011 Sep)				-9	34.8	55.4
	+17 20 53.416	-35 46 58.03	240 mas	-2030.8 mas	351.417690	0.645623		3	MM1-W1	NGC 6334I (2011 Sep)				-2	26.9	94.5
	+17 20 53.41	-35 46 57.73	150 mas	-1730.8 mas	351.417746	0.645688		4	MM1-W2	NGC 6334I (2011 Sep)				-20.25	19.4	53.4
	+17 20 53.422	-35 46 57.44	330 mas	-1440.8 mas	351.417836	0.645700		5	MM1-W3	NGC 6334I (2011 Sep)				8.75	25.3	63.7
	+17 20 53.104	-35 47 3.36	-4440 mas	-7360.8 mas	351.415872	0.645646		6	MM4	NGC 6334I (2011 Sep)				-11.75	2.07	4.73
	+17 20 53.437	-35 47 1.04	555 mas	-5040.8 mas	351.417043	0.645088		7	UCHII-W1	NGC 6334I (2011 Sep)				-24.25	66.5	701
	+17 20 53.451	-35 47 0.61	765 mas	-4610.8 mas	351.417168	0.645118		8	UCHII-W2	NGC 6334I (2011 Sep)				-9.25	80.2	126
2	+17 20 53.4	-35 46 56			351.418122	0.645989	G351.417+0.645			NGC 6334I (2017 Jan)			22_GHz;	-58.75 .. 4	1.18 .. 3920		NRAOVLA	A	0.21	12.000	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		2017 Jan 08
	+17 20 53.182	-35 47 29.1	-3270 mas	-33100.8 mas	351.410148	0.641352		1	I-South	NGC 6334I (2017 Jan)				4	1.66	2.57
	+17 20 53.38	-35 46 55.73	-300 mas	269.2 mas	351.418145	0.646088		2	CM2-W1	NGC 6334I (2017 Jan)				-8	3920	11100
	+17 20 53.431	-35 46 55.42	465 mas	579.2 mas	351.418314	0.645995		3	CM2-W2	NGC 6334I (2017 Jan)				-9	403	399
	+17 20 53.416	-35 46 58.03	240 mas	-2030.8 mas	351.417690	0.645623		4	MM1-W1	NGC 6334I (2017 Jan)				0.25	2.77	7.84
	+17 20 53.41	-35 46 57.73	150 mas	-1730.8 mas	351.417746	0.645688		5	MM1-W2	NGC 6334I (2017 Jan)				-5.5	1.18	1.25
	+17 20 53.422	-35 46 57.44	330 mas	-1440.8 mas	351.417836	0.645700		6	MM1-W3	NGC 6334I (2017 Jan)				-58.75	5.33	22.5
	+17 20 53.437	-35 47 1.04	555 mas	-5040.8 mas	351.417043	0.645088		7	UCHII-W1	NGC 6334I (2017 Jan)				-11.5	237	755
	+17 20 53.451	-35 47 0.61	765 mas	-4610.8 mas	351.417168	0.645118		8	UCHII-W2	NGC 6334I (2017 Jan)				-8	30.1	49.4
	+17 20 53.452	-35 46 59.81	780 mas	-3810.8 mas	351.417353	0.645242		9	UCHII-W3	NGC 6334I (2017 Jan)				-7.5	46.5	109
	+17 20 53.405	-35 46 59.54	75 mas	-3540.8 mas	351.417324	0.645415		10	UCHII-W4	NGC 6334I (2017 Jan)				-8	15.9	7.68
3	+17 20 53.4	-35 46 56			351.418122	0.645989	G351.417+0.645			NGC 6334I (2017 Oct)	Image	Descr	22_GHz;	-60.75 .. 8.25	0.235 .. 4230		NRAOVLA	B	0.21	6.000	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		2017 Oct 08
	+17 20 53.182	-35 47 29.1	-3270 mas	-33100.8 mas	351.410148	0.641352		1	I-South	NGC 6334I (2017 Oct)				3.75	0.856	0.881
	+17 20 53.38	-35 46 55.73	-300 mas	269.2 mas	351.418145	0.646088		2	CM2-W1	NGC 6334I (2017 Oct)				-7.75	4230	12000
	+17 20 53.431	-35 46 55.42	465 mas	579.2 mas	351.418314	0.645995		3	CM2-W2	NGC 6334I (2017 Oct)				-9.25	42	39
	+17 20 53.416	-35 46 58.03	240 mas	-2030.8 mas	351.417690	0.645623		4	MM1-W1	NGC 6334I (2017 Oct)				0.25	2.27	5.79
	+17 20 53.422	-35 46 57.44	330 mas	-1440.8 mas	351.417836	0.645700		5	MM1-W3	NGC 6334I (2017 Oct)				-26.25	2.56	12.3
	+17 20 53.447	-35 46 57.28	705 mas	-1280.8 mas	351.417920	0.645656		6	MM1-W4	NGC 6334I (2017 Oct)				8.25	1.28	1.6
	+17 20 53.104	-35 47 3.36	-4440 mas	-7360.8 mas	351.415872	0.645646		7	MM4	NGC 6334I (2017 Oct)				-22	0.295	0.709
	+17 20 53.645	-35 46 54.85	3675 mas	1149.2 mas	351.418857	0.645491		8	MM7	NGC 6334I (2017 Oct)				-10.25	4.51	3.81
	+17 20 53.107	-35 46 54.68	-4395 mas	1319.2 mas	351.417858	0.647012		9	NWflow	NGC 6334I (2017 Oct)				-60.75	0.235	0.292
	+17 20 53.437	-35 47 1.04	555 mas	-5040.8 mas	351.417043	0.645088		10	UCHII-W1	NGC 6334I (2017 Oct)				-10.5	83.3	366
	+17 20 53.451	-35 47 0.61	765 mas	-4610.8 mas	351.417168	0.645118		11	UCHII-W2	NGC 6334I (2017 Oct)				-11.75	68.6	135
	+17 20 53.452	-35 46 59.81	780 mas	-3810.8 mas	351.417353	0.645242		12	UCHII-W3	NGC 6334I (2017 Oct)				-7.5	60.5	60.5
	+17 20 53.405	-35 46 59.54	75 mas	-3540.8 mas	351.417324	0.645415		13	UCHII-W4	NGC 6334I (2017 Oct)				-8	19.1	10.4
	+17 20 53.806	-35 47 1.21	6090 mas	-5210.8 mas	351.417716	0.644037		14	UCHII-W5	NGC 6334I (2017 Oct)				4.25	0.461	0.465

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	GLIMPSE 360
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(h2o_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(h2o_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(h2o_data_all.l) as l,MAX(h2o_data_all.b) as b,MAX(h2o_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(h2o_data_all.line) as line,MAX(h2o_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(h2o_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(h2o_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(h2o_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(h2o_data_all.int) as int,MAX(h2o_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.units) as units,MAX(h2o_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(h2o_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(h2o_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(h2o_data_all.url) as url,MAX(h2o_data_all.image) as image,MAX(h2o_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(h2o_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(h2o_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(h2o_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(h2o_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'BRO18' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select h2o_data_all.ra_hms,h2o_data_all.dec_dms,h2o_data_all.source_name,h2o_data_all.ra,h2o_data_all.dec,h2o_data_all.l,h2o_data_all.b,h2o_data_all.grp,h2o_data_all.other_name,h2o_data_all.other_desc,h2o_data_all.thermal,h2o_data_all.line,h2o_data_all.vrange,h2o_data_all.vpeak,h2o_data_all.peak,h2o_data_all.fwhm,h2o_data_all.int,h2o_data_all.rms,h2o_data_all.units,h2o_data_all.units_rms,h2o_data_all.date_txt,h2o_data_all.telescope_ref,h2o_data_all.telescope_conf,h2o_data_all.v_step,h2o_data_all.beam,h2o_data_all.beam_maj,h2o_data_all.beam_min,h2o_data_all.beam_pa,h2o_data_all.ref,h2o_data_all.list_ref,h2o_data_all.ascii,h2o_data_all.url,h2o_data_all.image,h2o_data_all.image2,h2o_data_all.image3,h2o_data_all.descr,h2o_data_all.id,h2o_data_all.mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.dist,h2o_data_all.dist_parallax,h2o_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'BRO18' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

Display data from paper

BRO18 - The Extraordinary Outburst in the Massive Protostellar System NGC 6334I-MM1: Flaring of the Water Masers in a North-South Bipolar Outflow Driven by MM1B

Interferometry data

View as list of objects

Detection table from Brogan et al. (2018)