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LIT94 - A search for SiO, OH, CO and HCN radio emission from silicate-carbon stars

Interferometry data

Short title: Little-Marenin et al. (1994)
Authors: Little-Marenin, I. R. Sahai, R. Wannier, P. G. Benson, P. J. Gaylard, M. Omont, A.
Journal: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361), vol. 281, no. 2, p. 451-459
Bibcode:

Non-detection table: Show non-detection table
Detection table: Show detection table (1 detection) Non-detection table: Show non-detection table (8 non-detection)

Abstract
We report upper limits for radio emission of SiO at 86 and 43 GHz, of OH at 1612 and 1665/1667 MHz, of CO at 115 GHz and HCN at 88.6 GHz in the silicate-carbon stars. These upper limits of SiO imply that oxygen-rich material has not been detected within 2R_star of a central star even though the detected emission from silicate dust grains, H2O and OH maser establishes the presence of oxygen-rich material from about tens to thousands of AU of a central star. The upper limit of the SiO abundance is consistent with that found in oxygen-rich envelopes. Upper limits of the mass loss rate (based on the CO data) are estimated to be between 10^-6 to 10^-7 solar mass/yr assuming a distance of 1.5 kpc for these stars. The absence of HCN microwave emission implies that no carbon-rich material can be detected at large distances (thousands of AU) from a central star. The lack of detections of SiO, CO, and HCN emission is most likely due to the large distances of these stars. A number of C stars were detected in CO and HCN, but only the M supergiant VX Sgr was detected in CO.	Comments: Velocity resolution: 0.90 km/s Upper limit for non-detections: mostly <0.75 Jy (3σ)

Abstract

We report upper limits for radio emission of SiO at 86 and 43 GHz, of OH at 1612 and 1665/1667 MHz, of CO at 115 GHz and HCN at 88.6 GHz in the silicate-carbon stars. These upper limits of SiO imply that oxygen-rich material has not been detected within 2R_star of a central star even though the detected emission from silicate dust grains, H2O and OH maser establishes the presence of oxygen-rich material from about tens to thousands of AU of a central star. The upper limit of the SiO abundance is consistent with that found in oxygen-rich envelopes. Upper limits of the mass loss rate (based on the CO data) are estimated to be between 10^-6 to 10^-7 solar mass/yr assuming a distance of 1.5 kpc for these stars. The absence of HCN microwave emission implies that no carbon-rich material can be detected at large distances (thousands of AU) from a central star. The lack of detections of SiO, CO, and HCN emission is most likely due to the large distances of these stars. A number of C stars were detected in CO and HCN, but only the M supergiant VX Sgr was detected in CO.

Comments:
Velocity resolution: 0.90 km/s
Upper limit for non-detections: mostly <0.75 Jy (3σ)

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Distribution of sources in all sky (l,b)

Distribution of sources in all sky using Aladin

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Distribution of sources in IRAS color-color diagram

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Original color diagram is taken form van der Veen & Habing (1987)

Type	Description
I	Oxygen-rich non-variable stars without circumstellar shells
II	Variable stars with "young" O-rich circumstellar shells
IIIa	Variable stars with more evolved O-rich circumstellar shells
IIIb	Variable stars with thick O-rich circumstellar shells
IV	Variable stars with very thick O-rich circumstellar shells
V	Planetary nebulae and non- variable stars with very cool circumstellar shells
VIa	Variable stars with relatively cold dust at large distances; a significant part of the stars is carbon-rich
VIb	Variable stars with relatively hot dust close to the star and relatively cold dust at large distances; Some of the objects have proven to be O-rich
VII	Variable stars with more evolved C-rich circumstellar shells
VIII	Different sort of objects

Distribution of the detection velocities versus galactic longitude from LIT94

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Longitude-Velocity Map is taken form Dame, Hartmann & Thaddeus (2001)

Distribution of sources from LIT94 in (l,b) histograms

Display associated data

Group name
Different Line detections
IRAS source	IRAS coordinates (RA, Dec)	IRAS source distance (arcsec)	IRAS flux density (F12,F25,F60,F100)
2MASS source	2MASS coordinates (RA, Dec)	2MASS source distance (arcsec)	2MASS magnituted (J,H,K)
GCVS source	GCVS coordinates (RA, Dec)	GCVS source distance (arcsec)	GCVS parameters
WISE source	WISE coordinates (RA, Dec)	WISE source distance (arcsec)	WISE magnitudes (w1, w2, w3, w4)
Akari IRC source	Akari IRC coordinates (RA, Dec)	Akari IRC source distance (arcsec)	Akari IRC fluxes (S09, S18)
Akari FIS source	Akari FIS coordinates (RA, Dec)	Akari FIS source distance (arcsec)	Akari FIS fluxes (S65, S90, S140, S160)
Continuum source	Continuum coordinates (RA, Dec)	Continuum source distance (arcsec)	Continuum parameters
Bolocam GPS	BGPS coordinates (RA, Dec)	BGPS source distance (arcsec)	BGPS parameters
EGO source	EGO coordinates (RA, Dec)	EGO source distance (arcsec)	EGO parameters
Select all	Select all	Select all	Select all

View images

DSS (optical)	SDSS (optical+NIR)	2MASS (JHK)	WISE (4-22 um)	IRAC (3-8 um)	GLIMPSE 360 (3.6-4.5 um)
AKARI color (60-160 um)	PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	ATLASGAL (870 um)	ATLASGAL+Planck (870 um)	Bolocam (1.1 mm)
NVSS (1.4 GHz)	Image size: arcsec (default is 120 arcsec)
	Image size: arcsec (default is 120 arcsec)

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	GLIMPSE 360
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K	2MASS K

select MAX(oh_data.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(oh_data.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(oh_data.source_name) as source_name,MAX(oh_data.ra) as ra,MAX(oh_data.dec) as dec,MAX(oh_data.l) as l,MAX(oh_data.b) as b,MAX(oh_data.grp) as grp,MAX(oh_data.vlow) as vlow,MAX(oh_data.vup) as vup,MAX(oh_data.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(oh_data.vpeak_e) as vpeak_e,MAX(oh_data.vpeak2) as vpeak2,MAX(oh_data.vpeak2_e) as vpeak2_e,MAX(oh_data.dv) as dv,MAX(oh_data.other_name) as other_name,MAX(oh_data.peak) as peak,MAX(oh_data.peak_e) as peak_e,MAX(oh_data.peak2) as peak2,MAX(oh_data.peak2_e) as peak2_e,MAX(oh_data.int) as int,MAX(oh_data.int_e) as int_e,MAX(oh_data.rms) as rms,MAX(oh_data.date) as date,MAX(oh_data.date2) as date2,MAX(oh_data.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(oh_data.units) as units,MAX(oh_data.beam) as beam,MAX(oh_data.ref) as ref,MAX(oh_data.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(oh_data.ascii) as ascii,MAX(oh_data.image) as image,MAX(oh_data.id) as id,MAX(oh_data.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(oh_data.other_name) as other_name,MAX(oh_data.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(oh_data.line) as line,MAX(oh_data.vrange) as vrange,MAX(oh_data.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(oh_data.peak) as peak,MAX(oh_data.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(oh_data.int) as int,MAX(oh_data.rms) as rms,MAX(oh_data.units) as units,MAX(oh_data.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(oh_data.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(oh_data.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(oh_data.beam) as beam,MAX(oh_data.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(oh_data.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(oh_data.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(oh_data.ref) as ref,MAX(oh_data.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(oh_data.ascii) as ascii,MAX(oh_data.image) as image,MAX(oh_data.descr) as descr,MAX(oh_data.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(oh_data.dist) as dist,MAX(oh_data.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(oh_data.freq) as freq,MAX(line_det) as line_det FROM oh_data  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON oh_data.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name  WHERE ref ilike 'LIT94' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select oh_data.ra_hms,oh_data.dec_dms,oh_data.source_name,oh_data.ra,oh_data.dec,oh_data.l,oh_data.b,oh_data.grp,oh_data.vlow,oh_data.vup,oh_data.vpeak,oh_data.vpeak_e,oh_data.vpeak2,oh_data.vpeak2_e,oh_data.dv,oh_data.other_name,oh_data.peak,oh_data.peak_e,oh_data.peak2,oh_data.peak2_e,oh_data.int,oh_data.int_e,oh_data.rms,oh_data.date,oh_data.date2,oh_data.telescope_ref,oh_data.units,oh_data.beam,oh_data.ref,oh_data.list_ref,oh_data.ascii,oh_data.image,oh_data.id,oh_data.date_txt,oh_data.other_name,oh_data.other_desc,oh_data.thermal,oh_data.line,oh_data.vrange,oh_data.vpeak,oh_data.peak,oh_data.fwhm,oh_data.int,oh_data.rms,oh_data.units,oh_data.units_rms,oh_data.date_txt,oh_data.telescope_ref,oh_data.beam,oh_data.beam_maj,oh_data.beam_min,oh_data.beam_pa,oh_data.ref,oh_data.list_ref,oh_data.ascii,oh_data.image,oh_data.descr,oh_data.id,oh_data.mjy_flag,oh_data.rms_mjy_flag,oh_data.dist,oh_data.date_txt,oh_data.freq,line_det FROM oh_data   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON oh_data.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name  WHERE ref ilike 'LIT94' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id