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DEG06 - High-Resolution Observations of Water Masers in Bok Globules

Interferometry data

Short title: de Gregorio-Monsalvo et al. (2006)
Authors: de Gregorio-Monsalvo, Itziar Gomez, Jose F. Suarez, Olga Kuiper, Thomas B. H.Anglada, GuillemPatel, Nimesh A.Torrelles, Jose M.
Journal: The Astronomical Journal, Volume 132, Issue 6, pp. 2584-2595.
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Non-detection table: Show non-detection table
Detection table: Show detection table (4 detection) Non-detection table: Show non-detection table (2 non-detection)
Target type: Bok

Abstract
We present Very Large Array observations at 1.3 cm of several water maser detections obtained by previous single-dish studies of Bok globules in the 1988 Clemens and Barvainis (CB) catalog. We report water maser emission in CB 3 (CB 3-mm), CB 54 (IRAS 07020-1618), CB 101 (IRAS 17503-0833), and CB 232 (IRAS 21352+4307) and nondetection toward CB 65 (IRAS 16277-2332) and CB 205 (IRAS 19433+2743). These are the first reported interferometric observations of water masers in Bok globules of the CB catalog. We also present single-dish observations of millimeter and centimeter spectral lines toward CB 101 (IRAS 17503-0833) and CB 65 (IRAS 16277-2332). All the maser emission seems to be associated with star-forming regions hosting bipolar molecular outflows, except IRAS 17503-0833 in CB 101, which we suggest to be a possible Mira evolved star, and IRAS 16277-2332 in CB 65, which is of unknown nature. We have used the precise position of the maser emission to derive information about the powering source of the masers. By analyzing the spatio-kinematical distribution of the water masers, we confirm the millimeter source CB 3-mm as the most likely powering source of the CB 3 masers. We propose the near-IR source CB 232 YC1-I as the best candidate for pumping the maser emission observed in CB 232, while in CB 54 we suggest that the pumping source of the masers could be located at the position of an elongated feature observed in near-IR maps.

Abstract

We present Very Large Array observations at 1.3 cm of several water maser detections obtained by previous single-dish studies of Bok globules in the 1988 Clemens and Barvainis (CB) catalog. We report water maser emission in CB 3 (CB 3-mm), CB 54 (IRAS 07020-1618), CB 101 (IRAS 17503-0833), and CB 232 (IRAS 21352+4307) and nondetection toward CB 65 (IRAS 16277-2332) and CB 205 (IRAS 19433+2743). These are the first reported interferometric observations of water masers in Bok globules of the CB catalog. We also present single-dish observations of millimeter and centimeter spectral lines toward CB 101 (IRAS 17503-0833) and CB 65 (IRAS 16277-2332). All the maser emission seems to be associated with star-forming regions hosting bipolar molecular outflows, except IRAS 17503-0833 in CB 101, which we suggest to be a possible Mira evolved star, and IRAS 16277-2332 in CB 65, which is of unknown nature. We have used the precise position of the maser emission to derive information about the powering source of the masers. By analyzing the spatio-kinematical distribution of the water masers, we confirm the millimeter source CB 3-mm as the most likely powering source of the CB 3 masers. We propose the near-IR source CB 232 YC1-I as the best candidate for pumping the maser emission observed in CB 232, while in CB 54 we suggest that the pumping source of the masers could be located at the position of an elongated feature observed in near-IR maps.

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Detection table from de Gregorio-Monsalvo et al. (2006)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	RA offset	Dec offset	l	b	Group id	#	Maser spot	Source name	Image	Descr.	Line	V_peak	F_peak	Telescope	Configuration	V_step	Beam	PA	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(mas)	(mas)	(deg.)	(deg.)							H₂O	(km/s)	(Jy)			(km/s)	(arcsec)	(deg.)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	+00 28 42.612	+56 42 1.17			119.798639	-6.033092	G119.799-6.032			CB 3	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	-78.4 .. -37	1.29 .. 68.19	NRAOVLA	CnB	0.66	0.55 x 0.25	81	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		1995 Oct 28
	+00 28 42.6078	+56 42 1.105	-63 mas	-65 mas	119.798628	-6.033109		1	(A)	CB 3				-37	1.29 (0.03)
	+00 28 42.612	+56 42 1.17	0 mas	0 mas	119.798639	-6.033092		2	(B)	CB 3				-51.4	68.19 (0.04)
	+00 28 42.6111	+56 42 1.156	-13 mas	-14 mas	119.798637	-6.033096		3	(C)	CB 3				-57.4	2.77 (0.03)
	+00 28 42.6105	+56 42 1.1493	-22.6 mas	-20.7 mas	119.798635	-6.033097		4	(D)	CB 3				-67.2	19.78 (0.04)
	+00 28 42.6122	+56 42 1.167	3 mas	-3 mas	119.798639	-6.033093		5	(E)	CB 3				-78.4	2.86 (0.03)
2	+07 04 21.217	-16 23 15			228.991297	-4.620475	G228.991-4.621			CB 54			22 GHz;	15.8 .. 17.8	0.087 .. 0.129	NRAOVLA	CnB	0.66	0.93 x 0.44	73	+H₂O -CH₃OH I	SFR		2004 Feb 2
	+07 04 20.7843	-16 23 21.3	-6490 mas	-6300 mas	228.992076	-4.622810		1	A	CB 54				17.8	0.087 (0.005)
	+07 04 20.7858	-16 23 21.293	-6467 mas	-6293 mas	228.992077	-4.622803		2	B	CB 54				15.8	0.129 (0.005)
3	+17 53 5.882	-08 33 38.17			18.514507	8.843746	G18.512+8.846			CB 101			22 GHz;	29.5	0.499	NRAOVLA	CnB	0.66	0.99 x 0.39	68	+H₂O -CH₃OH I	SFR_MIXED		2004 Feb 3
	+17 53 5.88192	-08 33 38.1708	0 mas	0 mas	18.514507	8.843746		1	A	CB 101				29.5	0.499 (0.003)
4	+21 37 11.402	+43 20 38.26			89.642983	-6.625164	G89.642-6.625			CB 232	Image	Descr	22 GHz;	10.1	46.568	NRAOVLA	CnB	0.66	1.08 x 0.67	53	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		2004 Feb 3
	+21 37 11.4019	+43 20 38.2596	0 mas	0 mas	89.642982	-6.625164		1	A	CB 232				10.1	46.568 (0.006)

Non-detection table from de Gregorio-Monsalvo et al. (2006)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	Source name	Line	Telescope	Configuration	V_step	Beam	PA	Detection	Class	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)			H₂O			(km/s)	(arcsec)	(deg.)	Yes/No
1	+16 30 43.7109	-23 39 7.736	354.332444	16.662112	G354.332+16.662	CB 65	22 GHz;	NRAOVLA	BnA	0.66	0.28 x 0.18	86	+H₂O	SFR	2005 Feb 12
2	+19 45 23.863	+27 50 57.84	63.597612	1.687408	G63.598+1.687	CB 205	22 GHz;	NRAOVLA	CnB	0.66	0.86 x 0.79	48	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED	2004 Feb 3

Distribution of sources in all sky (l,b)

Distribution of sources in all sky using Aladin

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Distribution of sources in IRAS color-color diagram

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Original color diagram is taken form van der Veen & Habing (1987)

Type	Description
I	Oxygen-rich non-variable stars without circumstellar shells
II	Variable stars with "young" O-rich circumstellar shells
IIIa	Variable stars with more evolved O-rich circumstellar shells
IIIb	Variable stars with thick O-rich circumstellar shells
IV	Variable stars with very thick O-rich circumstellar shells
V	Planetary nebulae and non- variable stars with very cool circumstellar shells
VIa	Variable stars with relatively cold dust at large distances; a significant part of the stars is carbon-rich
VIb	Variable stars with relatively hot dust close to the star and relatively cold dust at large distances; Some of the objects have proven to be O-rich
VII	Variable stars with more evolved C-rich circumstellar shells
VIII	Different sort of objects

Distribution of the detection velocities versus galactic longitude from DEG06

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