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COD00 - On the occurrence of the 6.7 GHz CH₃OH maser emission in UCH bt II regions

Short title: Codella & Moscadelli (2000)
Authors: Codella, C.Moscadelli, L.
Journal: Astronomy and Astrophysics, v.362, p.723-729 (2000)
Bibcode:

Non-detection table: Show non-detection table
Detection table: Show detection table (2 detection)
Target type: UCHII
Transitions: CH3OH_6(II)

Abstract
We present the results of a statistical survey of the 6.7 GHz CH₃OH and 22.2 GHz H₂O emissions towards a large homogeneous sample of ultracompact (UC) H II regions, performed to investigate the nature of the methanol emission: does it point out ionized regions or does it trace earlier stages of the star forming process? The present detection rates are almost identical: 23% for CH₃OH and 22% for H_2O. Even considered the uncertainties of the survey, the large number of non-detections is consistent with the scenario where methanol masers disappear during the UC phase, like water masers do. Moreover, the probability to have the CH₃OH counterpart of a H₂O source is at least 40%, indicating that these maser emissions are emphasizing two at least partly overlapping evolutionary phases. The comparison between the velocity ranges suggests that methanol and water masers form in different gas components related to the star forming process.

Abstract

We present the results of a statistical survey of the 6.7 GHz CH₃OH and 22.2 GHz H₂O emissions towards a large homogeneous sample of ultracompact (UC) H II regions, performed to investigate the nature of the methanol emission: does it point out ionized regions or does it trace earlier stages of the star forming process? The present detection rates are almost identical: 23% for CH₃OH and 22% for H_2O. Even considered the uncertainties of the survey, the large number of non-detections is consistent with the scenario where methanol masers disappear during the UC phase, like water masers do. Moreover, the probability to have the CH₃OH counterpart of a H₂O source is at least 40%, indicating that these maser emissions are emphasizing two at least partly overlapping evolutionary phases. The comparison between the velocity ranges suggests that methanol and water masers form in different gas components related to the star forming process.

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Detection table from Codella & Moscadelli (2000)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	Source name	Image	Line	V_range	V_peak	FWHM	F_peak	∫F dv	Telescope	V_step	RMS	Beam	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)				H₂O	(km/s)	(km/s)	(km/s)	(Jy)	(Jy*km/s)		(km/s)	(Jy)	(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	18 33 23.8	-08 33 33.7	23.2650	0.0770	G23.265+0.077	23.265+0.077	Image	22 GHz;	76.2;82.4	+0.077	0.65 (0.05)	10.6 (1.2)	16.8 (2.0)	MED	0.33	1.400	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED		1993-1994
2	19 10 33.4	+09 08 24.8	43.2370	-0.0450	G43.237-0.046	43.237-0.045	Image	22 GHz;	-119.9;23.0	-0.045	0.75 (0.33)	132.0 (4.7)	711.7 (12.9)	MED	0.33	1.300	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		1993-1994

Distribution of sources in all sky (l,b)

Distribution of sources in all sky using Aladin

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Distribution of sources in IRAS color-color diagram

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Original color diagram is taken form van der Veen & Habing (1987)

Type	Description
I	Oxygen-rich non-variable stars without circumstellar shells
II	Variable stars with "young" O-rich circumstellar shells
IIIa	Variable stars with more evolved O-rich circumstellar shells
IIIb	Variable stars with thick O-rich circumstellar shells
IV	Variable stars with very thick O-rich circumstellar shells
V	Planetary nebulae and non- variable stars with very cool circumstellar shells
VIa	Variable stars with relatively cold dust at large distances; a significant part of the stars is carbon-rich
VIb	Variable stars with relatively hot dust close to the star and relatively cold dust at large distances; Some of the objects have proven to be O-rich
VII	Variable stars with more evolved C-rich circumstellar shells
VIII	Different sort of objects

Distribution of the detection velocities versus galactic longitude from COD00

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Longitude-Velocity Map is taken form Dame, Hartmann & Thaddeus (2001)

Distribution of sources from COD00 in (l,b) histograms

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	GLIMPSE 360
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(h2o_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(h2o_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(h2o_data_all.l) as l,MAX(h2o_data_all.b) as b,MAX(h2o_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(h2o_data_all.line) as line,MAX(h2o_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(h2o_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(h2o_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(h2o_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(h2o_data_all.int) as int,MAX(h2o_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.units) as units,MAX(h2o_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(h2o_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(h2o_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(h2o_data_all.url) as url,MAX(h2o_data_all.image) as image,MAX(h2o_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(h2o_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(h2o_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(h2o_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(h2o_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'COD00' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select h2o_data_all.ra_hms,h2o_data_all.dec_dms,h2o_data_all.source_name,h2o_data_all.ra,h2o_data_all.dec,h2o_data_all.l,h2o_data_all.b,h2o_data_all.grp,h2o_data_all.other_name,h2o_data_all.other_desc,h2o_data_all.thermal,h2o_data_all.line,h2o_data_all.vrange,h2o_data_all.vpeak,h2o_data_all.peak,h2o_data_all.fwhm,h2o_data_all.int,h2o_data_all.rms,h2o_data_all.units,h2o_data_all.units_rms,h2o_data_all.date_txt,h2o_data_all.telescope_ref,h2o_data_all.telescope_conf,h2o_data_all.v_step,h2o_data_all.beam,h2o_data_all.beam_maj,h2o_data_all.beam_min,h2o_data_all.beam_pa,h2o_data_all.ref,h2o_data_all.list_ref,h2o_data_all.ascii,h2o_data_all.url,h2o_data_all.image,h2o_data_all.image2,h2o_data_all.image3,h2o_data_all.descr,h2o_data_all.id,h2o_data_all.mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.dist,h2o_data_all.dist_parallax,h2o_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'COD00' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id