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CHE16 - Class I methanol megamasers: a potential probe of starburst activity and feedback in active galaxies

Short title: Chen et al. (2016)
Authors: Chen, X. Ellingsen, S. P. Zhang, J.-S. Wang, J.-Z. Shen, Z.-Q. Wu, Q.-W. Wu, Z.-Z.
Journal: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 459, Issue 1, p.357-365
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Abstract
Previous observations have shown that the distribution of 36.2-GHz class I methanol megamaser (MM) emission in Arp 220 is highly correlated with the diffuse X-rays. On this basis it was suggested that methanol MM may be produced either by the effects of galactic-outflow-driven shocks and/or cosmic rays. Here we report the results of a single-dish survey undertaken with the Greenbank Telescope (GBT) to improve our understanding of the pumping conditions of extragalactic class I methanol masers and their relationship to starburst and feedback processes within the host galaxies, towards a sample which includes 16 galaxies which show both extended soft X-ray emission, and either OH or H₂O MM emission. Large baseline ripples in the GBT spectra limited our results to tentative detections towards 11 of the target galaxies. Analysis of these tentative detections shows that there are significant correlations between the methanol intensity and the host-galaxy infrared, radio and OH MM emission, but no correlation with the X-ray and H₂O MM emission. Some sources show methanol emission significantly offset from the systemic velocity of the galaxy (by up to 1000 km s^-1) and we propose that these are associated with galactic-scale outflows from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) feedback. The combined observational properties suggest that class I methanol MMs are related to significant starburst and molecular outflow activity and hence may provide a potential probe of AGN feedback and starburst processes in the host galaxies.	Comments: Extended X-ray galaxies which show megamaser emission from water or OH

ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Source name	Line	V_peak	FWHM	∫F dv	Telescope	RMS	Beam	Detection
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)		CH₃OH (class I)	(km/s)	(km/s)	(mJy*km/s)		(mJy)	(arcsec)	Yes/No
1	01 24 35.1	+03 47 32.7	138.7058	-58.0606	NGC520	36 GHz (I)	2070(10)	185(23)	785(95)	GBT	157.000	20	+CH₃OH I
2	11 28 32.2	+58 33 51	141.9020	55.4051	NGC3690	36 GHz (I)	2976(23)	221(20)	692(17)	GBT	80.500	20	+CH₃OH I -OH
3	12 13 46	+02 48 40.1	280.9872	64.0660	IRAS12112+0305	36 GHz (I)	22 020(16)	232(16)	352(13)	GBT	61.800	20	+CH₃OH I
4	12 18 57.5	+47 18 14	138.3204	68.8421	NGC4258	36 GHz (I)	476(26)	252(21)	405(18)	GBT	75.000	20	+CH₃OH I
5	12 56 14.2	+56 52 25.2	121.6108	60.2423	Mrk231	36 GHz (I)	11 573(18)	323(25)	2140(145)	GBT	97.700	20	+CH₃OH I -OH
6	12 56 14.2	+56 52 25.2	121.6108	60.2423	Mrk231	36 GHz (I)	12 354(24)	316(18)	707(143)	GBT		20	+CH₃OH I -OH
7	12 56 14.2	+56 52 25.2	121.6108	60.2423	Mrk231	36 GHz (I)	13 689(17)	290(24)	2340(137)	GBT		20	+CH₃OH I -OH
8	15 26 59.4	+35 58 37.3	57.8115	55.9426	IRAS15250+3609	36 GHz (I)	16 403(20)	301(50)	588(90)	GBT	82.800	20	+CH₃OH I
9	00 53 34.9	+12 41 36	123.7483	-50.1750	IRAS00509+1225	36 GHz (I)	17 201(6)	42(20)	216(80)	GBT	67.500	20	+CH₃OH I
10	00 53 34.9	+12 41 36	123.7483	-50.1750	IRAS00509+1225	36 GHz (I)	17 648(20)	104(50)	347(142)	GBT		20	+CH₃OH I
11	00 53 34.9	+12 41 36	123.7483	-50.1750	IRAS00509+1225	36 GHz (I)	18 229(15)	90(35)	396(136)	GBT		20	+CH₃OH I
12	12 25 46.7	+12 39 44	279.1201	74.3355	NGC4388	36 GHz (I)	2190(10)	50(14)	118(43)	GBT	33.700	20	+CH₃OH I
13	14 42 23.9	-17 15 11	337.3245	38.0985	NGC5728	36 GHz (I)	2238(15)	217(36)	727(114)	GBT	110.200	20	+CH₃OH I
14	23 39 1.3	+36 21 08	106.9979	-24.2688	IR23365+3604	36 GHz (I)	20 425(18)	164(24)	448(59)	GBT	104.200	20	+CH₃OH I

ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Source name	Line	Telescope	Beam	Detection
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)		CH₃OH (class I)		(arcsec)	Yes/No
1	09 14 5.1	+40 06 49	182.1511	43.6778	NGC2782	36 GHz (I)	GBT	20	-CH₃OH I
2	16 52 58.9	+02 24 03	20.7290	27.2908	NGC6240	36 GHz (I)	GBT	20	-CH₃OH I
3	13 29 52.7	+47 11 43	104.8516	68.5607	M51	36 GHz (I)	GBT	20	-CH₃OH I
4	09 35 51.6	+61 21 11	152.4765	42.8968	UGC5101	36 GHz (I)	GBT	20	-CH₃OH I

IRAS source	IRAS coordinates (RA, Dec)	IRAS flux density (F12,F25,F60,F100)
2MASS source	2MASS coordinates (RA, Dec)	2MASS magnituted (J,H,K)

Variable star	Variable star parameters	Star Formation Region name	Star Formation Region parameters
WISE source	WISE coordinates (RA, Dec)	WISE magnitudes (w1, w2, w3, w4)
Akari IRC source	Akari IRC coordinates (RA, Dec)	Akari IRC fluxes (S09, S18)
Akari FIS source	Akari FIS coordinates (RA, Dec)	Akari FIS fluxes (S65, S90, S140, S160)

DSS (optical)	2MASS (JHK)	WISE (4-22 um)	IRAC (3-8 um)	GLIMPSE 360 (3.6-4.5 um)	PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)
AKARI color (60-160 um)	NVSS (1.4 GHz)	SDSS (optical+NIR)	Image size: arcsec (default is 120 arcsec)
			Image size: arcsec (default is 120 arcsec)

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CHE16 - Class I methanol megamasers: a potential probe of starburst activity and feedback in active galaxies

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Detection table from Chen et al. (2016)

Non-detection table from Chen et al. (2016)