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SAN13 - Different evolutionary stages in massive star formation. Centimeter continuum and H₂O maser emission with ATCA

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Short title: Sanchez-Monge et al. (2013)
Authors: Sánchez-Monge, Á. Beltrán, M. T.Cesaroni, R.Fontani, F.Brand, J.Molinari, S.Testi, L.Burton, M.
Journal: Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 550, id.A21, 84 pp.
Bibcode:
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Target type: High_mass_SFR
Observations category: SF.general
Facility type: interferometer
Transitions: H2O_22

Abstract
Aims: We present Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) observations of the H₂O maser line and radio continuum at 18.0 GHz and 22.8 GHz toward a sample of 192 massive star-forming regions containing several clumps already imaged at 1.2 mm. The main aim of this study is to investigate the water maser and centimeter continuum emission (that likely traces thermal free-free emission) in sources at different evolutionary stages, using evolutionary classifications previously published. Methods: We used the recently comissioned Compact Array Broadband Backend (CABB) at ATCA that obtains images with ~20'' resolution in the 1.3 cm continuum and H₂O maser emission in all targets. For the evolutionary analysis of the sources we used millimeter continuum emission from the literature and the infrared emission from the MSX Point Source Catalog. Results: We detect centimeter continuum emission in 88% of the observed fields with a typical rms noise level of 0.45 mJy beam^-1. Most of the fields show a single radio continuum source, while in 20% of them we identify multiple components. A total of 214 cm continuum sources have been identified, that likely trace optically thin H ii regions, with physical parameters typical of both extended and compact H ii regions. Water maser emission was detected in 41% of the regions, resulting in a total of 85 distinct components. The low angular (~20'') and spectral (~14 km s^-1) resolutions do not allow a proper analysis of the water maser emission, but suffice to investigate its association with the continuum sources. We have also studied the detection rate of H ii regions in the two types of IRAS sources defined in the literature on the basis of the IRAS colors: High and Low. No significant differences are found, with high detection rates (>90%) for both High and Low sources. Conclusions: We classify the millimeter and infrared sources in our fields in three evolutionary stages following the scheme presented previously: (Type 1) millimeter-only sources, (Type 2) millimeter plus infrared sources, (Type 3) infrared-only sources. We find that H ii regions are mainly associated with Type 2 and Type 3 objects, confirming that these are more evolved than Type 1 sources. The H ii regions associated with Type 3 sources are slightly less dense and larger in size than those associated with Type 2 sources, as expected if the H ii region expands as it evolves, and Type 3 objects are older than Type 2 objects. The maser emission is mostly found to be associated with Type 1 and Type 2 sources, with a higher detection rate toward Type 2, consistent with the results of the literature. Finally, our results on H ii region and H₂O maser association with different evolutionary types confirm the evolutionary classification proposed previously.

Abstract

Aims: We present Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) observations of the H₂O maser line and radio continuum at 18.0 GHz and 22.8 GHz toward a sample of 192 massive star-forming regions containing several clumps already imaged at 1.2 mm. The main aim of this study is to investigate the water maser and centimeter continuum emission (that likely traces thermal free-free emission) in sources at different evolutionary stages, using evolutionary classifications previously published.
Methods: We used the recently comissioned Compact Array Broadband Backend (CABB) at ATCA that obtains images with ~20'' resolution in the 1.3 cm continuum and H₂O maser emission in all targets. For the evolutionary analysis of the sources we used millimeter continuum emission from the literature and the infrared emission from the MSX Point Source Catalog.
Results: We detect centimeter continuum emission in 88% of the observed fields with a typical rms noise level of 0.45 mJy beam^-1. Most of the fields show a single radio continuum source, while in 20% of them we identify multiple components. A total of 214 cm continuum sources have been identified, that likely trace optically thin H ii regions, with physical parameters typical of both extended and compact H ii regions. Water maser emission was detected in 41% of the regions, resulting in a total of 85 distinct components. The low angular (~20'') and spectral (~14 km s^-1) resolutions do not allow a proper analysis of the water maser emission, but suffice to investigate its association with the continuum sources. We have also studied the detection rate of H ii regions in the two types of IRAS sources defined in the literature on the basis of the IRAS colors: High and Low. No significant differences are found, with high detection rates (>90%) for both High and Low sources.
Conclusions: We classify the millimeter and infrared sources in our fields in three evolutionary stages following the scheme presented previously: (Type 1) millimeter-only sources, (Type 2) millimeter plus infrared sources, (Type 3) infrared-only sources. We find that H ii regions are mainly associated with Type 2 and Type 3 objects, confirming that these are more evolved than Type 1 sources. The H ii regions associated with Type 3 sources are slightly less dense and larger in size than those associated with Type 2 sources, as expected if the H ii region expands as it evolves, and Type 3 objects are older than Type 2 objects. The maser emission is mostly found to be associated with Type 1 and Type 2 sources, with a higher detection rate toward Type 2, consistent with the results of the literature. Finally, our results on H ii region and H₂O maser association with different evolutionary types confirm the evolutionary classification proposed previously.

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Detection table from Sanchez-Monge et al. (2013)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	RA offset	Dec offset	l	b	Group id	grpv	#	Maser spot	Source name	Line	V_peak	∫F dv	Telescope	Configuration	RMS	Beam	PA	Detection	Class	Distance	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(mas)	(mas)	(deg.)	(deg.)						H₂O	(km/s)	(Jy*km/s)			(Jy)	(arcsec)	(deg.)	Yes/No		(kpc)	(kpc)
1	+08 45 33.718	-43 52 5.85			263.62959	-0.546426	G263.630-0.546	G263.6296-0.5464			08438-4340_0	22 GHz;	9		ATCA	B06	0.002	20.4 x 18.6	86	+H₂O		1.300		9 October 2009
	+08 45 33.718	-43 52 5.85	0 mas	0 mas	263.629590	-0.546426			1	1	08438-4340_0		9	1.589e-01
2	+08 48 47.887	-42 54 30.16			263.250646	0.513518	G263.250+0.514	G263.2502+0.5137			08470-4243_0	22 GHz;	17		ATCA	B06	0.000	20.3 x 15.4	-77	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED	2.200		25 July 2009
	+08 48 47.887	-42 54 30.16	0 mas	0 mas	263.250646	0.513518			1	2	08470-4243_0		17	2.359e-01
3	+08 58 11.63	-42 37 29.95			264.140196	2.017782	G264.140+2.018	G264.1405+2.0178			08563-4225_0	22 GHz;	9		ATCA	B06	0.000	20.2 x 18	89	+H₂O +CH₃OH II -OH		1.700		9 October 2009
	+08 58 11.63	-42 37 29.95	0 mas	0 mas	264.140196	2.017782			1	3	08563-4225_0		9	1.242e+00
4	+09 00 40.898	-47 26 4.88			268.059701	-0.805037	G268.059-0.804	G268.0593-0.8041			08589-4714_0	22 GHz;	7		ATCA	B06	0.000	20.2 x 18.1	-83	+H₂O		1.500		9 October 2009
	+09 00 40.898	-47 26 4.88	0 mas	0 mas	268.059701	-0.805037			1	4	08589-4714_0		7	2.144e+01
5	+09 14 51.711	-47 36 49.99			269.809477	0.83823	G269.809+0.846	G269.8095+0.8382			09131-4723_0	22 GHz;	7		ATCA	B06	0.000	19.4 x 17.2	-77	+H₂O		1.700		9 October 2009
	+09 14 51.711	-47 36 49.99	0 mas	0 mas	269.809477	0.838230			1	5	09131-4723_0		7	9.387e-01
6	+09 17 54.507	-48 27 23.35			270.768991	0.617288	G270.769+0.617	G270.7690+0.6173			09166-4813_1	22 GHz;	7		ATCA	B06	0.000	19.3 x 17.9	-56	+H₂O		2.300		9 October 2009
	+09 17 54.507	-48 27 23.35	0 mas	0 mas	270.768991	0.617288			1	6	09166-4813_1		7	8.142e-02
7	+09 59 31.319	-57 04 42.52			281.175098	-1.655141	G281.165-1.643	G281.1751-1.6551			09578-5649_0	22 GHz;	3		ATCA	B06	0.004	21.1 x 17.6	89	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED	1.700		9 October 2009
	+09 59 31.319	-57 04 42.52	0 mas	0 mas	281.175098	-1.655141			1	7	09578-5649_0		3	9.614e-02
8	+10 03 40.288	-57 26 35.68			281.842979	-1.609455	G281.844-1.610	G281.8437-1.6101			10019-5712_0	22 GHz;	-11		ATCA	B06	0.000	22.7 x 18.9	52	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED	1.800		9 October 2009
	+10 03 40.288	-57 26 35.68	0 mas	0 mas	281.842979	-1.609455			1	8	10019-5712_0		-11	6.060e+00
9	+10 10 46.616	-57 43 56.77			282.784763	-1.28735	G282.785-1.287	G282.7848-1.2872			10088-5730_2	22 GHz;	-11		ATCA	B06	0.000	21.1 x 17.3	87	+H₂O	SFR_MIXED	1.800		9 October 2009
	+10 10 46.616	-57 43 56.77	0 mas	0 mas	282.784763	-1.287350			1	9	10088-5730_2		-11	1.208e-01
10	+10 11 14.465	-58 58 11.68			283.544863	-2.266058	G283.546-2.266	G283.5463-2.2656			10095-5843_0	22 GHz;	-11		ATCA	B06	0.000	19.5 x 17.8	88	+H₂O		1.100		10 October 2009
	+10 11 14.465	-58 58 11.68	0 mas	0 mas	283.544863	-2.266058			1	10	10095-5843_0		-11	1.117e-01
11	+10 29 31.326	-57 26 49.26			284.733526	0.322177	G284.730+0.323	G284.7305+0.3231			10276-5711_0	22 GHz;	15		ATCA	B06	0.002	19.9 x 16.4	-62	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR	5.900		26 July 2009
	+10 29 31.326	-57 26 49.26	0 mas	0 mas	284.733526	0.322177			1	11	10276-5711_0		15	2.313e-01
12	+10 31 29.501	-58 02 17.06			285.262513	-0.050089	G285.263-0.050	G285.2634-0.0499			10295-5746_0	22 GHz;	15		ATCA	B06	0.015	20.2 x 17.6	87	+H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED	5.000		25 July 2009
	+10 31 29.501	-58 02 17.06	0 mas	0 mas	285.262513	-0.050089			1	12	10295-5746_0		15	3.332e+02
13	+10 33 36.712	-59 51 32.09			286.421427	-1.480957	G286.421-1.481	G286.4206-1.4806			10317-5936_0	22 GHz;	29		ATCA	B06	0.000	19.3 x 16.4	-49	+H₂O		8.900		26 July 2009
	+10 33 36.712	-59 51 32.09	0 mas	0 mas	286.421427	-1.480957			1	13	10317-5936_0		29	1.731e-01
14	+10 35 40.044	-57 26 5.82			285.440179	0.7516	G285.443+0.750	G285.4429+0.7503			10337-5710_0	22 GHz;	-11		ATCA	B06	0.000	19 x 17.6	-73	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR	0.400		10 October 2009
	+10 35 40.044	-57 26 5.82	0 mas	0 mas	285.440179	0.751600			1	14	10337-5710_0		-11	3.901e-01
15	+10 52 12.86	-56 12 41.01			286.863485	2.895173	G286.858+2.896	G286.8635+2.8952			10501-5556_0	22 GHz;	-11		ATCA	B06	0.000	21 x 18.7	45	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED	2.500		9 October 2009
	+10 52 12.86	-56 12 41.01	0 mas	0 mas	286.863485	2.895173			1	15	10501-5556_0		-11	6.570e-02
16	+10 57 33.437	-62 59 2.56			290.409799	-2.914733	G290.411-2.914	G290.4107-2.9145			10545-6244_1	22 GHz;	1		ATCA	B06	0.000	18.8 x 18.3	-34	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED	2.000		10 October 2009
	+10 57 33.437	-62 59 2.56	0 mas	0 mas	290.409799	-2.914733			1	16	10545-6244_1		1	2.436e+01
17	+10 57 33.887	-62 59 1.95			290.410499	-2.914218	G290.411-2.914	G290.4107-2.9145			10555-6242_0	22 GHz;	0		ATCA	B06	0.000	21.6 x 19.6	58	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED	3.000		9 October 2009
	+10 57 33.887	-62 59 1.95	0 mas	0 mas	290.410499	-2.914218			1	17	10555-6242_0		0	1.801e+01
18	+10 58 0.455	-59 30 40.67			288.987021	0.253895	G288.984+0.255	G288.9868+0.2536			10559-5914_0	22 GHz;	-66		ATCA	B06	0.000	20 x 16.5	-59	+H₂O		6.400		26 July 2009
	+10 58 0.455	-59 30 40.67	0 mas	0 mas	288.987021	0.253895			1	18	10559-5914_0		-66	7.843e-02
19	+11 28 50.655	-62 14 59.88			293.48049	-0.903467	G293.480-0.903	G293.4805-0.9035			11265-6158_0	22 GHz;	-26		ATCA	B06	0.000	19.1 x 17.8	-46	+H₂O		3.400		10 October 2009
	+11 28 50.655	-62 14 59.88	0 mas	0 mas	293.480490	-0.903467			1	21	11265-6158_0		-26	4.681e-01
20	+11 40 29.273	-63 27 54.88			295.106169	-1.676656	G295.105-1.677	G295.1048-1.6773			11380-6311_0	22 GHz;	0		ATCA	B06	0.001	20.7 x 19.5	10	+H₂O		1.300		9 October 2009
	+11 40 29.273	-63 27 54.88	0 mas	0 mas	295.106169	-1.676656			1	19	11380-6311_0		0	3.880e-01
21	+11 42 49.414	-62 32 40.87			295.115928	-0.71876	G295.112-0.714	G295.1159-0.7188			11404-6215_0	22 GHz;	54		ATCA	B06	0.000	19.4 x 17.5	-38	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	UNK	11.000		10 October 2009
	+11 42 49.414	-62 32 40.87	0 mas	0 mas	295.115928	-0.718760			1	24	11404-6215_0		54	1.577e-01
22	+12 12 56.019	-61 50 08			298.404678	0.697268	G298.405+0.697	G298.4047+0.6973			12102-6133_1	22 GHz;	-27		ATCA	B06	0.000	19.9 x 18	1	+H₂O		4.000		9 October 2009
	+12 12 56.019	-61 50 08	0 mas	0 mas	298.404678	0.697268			1	20	12102-6133_1		-27	1.618e-01
23	+12 29 44.423	-62 13 17.87			300.406713	0.543688	G300.404+0.545	G300.4067+0.5437			12268-6156_0	22 GHz;	-28		ATCA	B06	0.000	22.5 x 19.4	87	+H₂O		4.300		9 October 2009
	+12 29 44.423	-62 13 17.87	0 mas	0 mas	300.406713	0.543688			1	22	12268-6156_0		-28	7.032e-02
24	+12 30 3.434	-62 56 51.22			300.503689	-0.17666	G300.504-0.176	G300.5039-0.1761			12272-6240_0	22 GHz;	12		ATCA	B06	0.000	24.2 x 19.2	64	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED	11.200		9 October 2009
	+12 30 3.434	-62 56 51.22	0 mas	0 mas	300.503689	-0.176660			1	23	12272-6240_0		12	6.100e+01
25	+13 36 43.564	-62 49 45.14			308.075519	-0.410614	G308.076-0.411	G308.0755-0.4106			13333-6234_0	22 GHz;	-2		ATCA	B06	0.001	21.6 x 16.1	-61	+H₂O		0.900		10 October 2009
	+13 36 43.564	-62 49 45.14	0 mas	0 mas	308.075519	-0.410614			1	25	13333-6234_0		-2	6.562e-01
26	+13 43 1.604	-62 08 53.06			308.917478	0.12265	G308.918+0.123	G308.9180+0.1228			13395-6153_0	22 GHz;	-63		ATCA	B06	0.001	20.2 x 16.6	-53	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	5.300		25 July 2009
	+13 43 1.604	-62 08 53.06	0 mas	0 mas	308.917478	0.122650			1	26	13395-6153_0		-63	9.934e-01
27	+13 47 23.748	-62 18 10.4			309.383415	-0.134123	G309.384-0.135	G309.3840-0.1347			13438-6203_0	22 GHz;	-50		ATCA	B06	0.000	19 x 18.5	41	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	5.400		25 July 2009
	+13 47 23.748	-62 18 10.4	0 mas	0 mas	309.383415	-0.134123			1	27	13438-6203_0		-50	8.521e-01
28	+13 57 5.959	-62 07 52.4			310.522947	-0.231106	G310.522-0.225	G310.5230-0.2311			13534-6152_0	22 GHz;	52		ATCA	B06	0.002	21.9 x 16	-61	+H₂O		13.100		10 October 2009
	+13 57 5.959	-62 07 52.4	0 mas	0 mas	310.522947	-0.231106			1	28	13534-6152_0		52	5.934e-01
29	+13 59 30.762	-61 48 40.12			310.87896	0.005721	G310.879+0.006	G310.8792+0.0042			13560-6133_2	22 GHz;	-50		ATCA	B06	0.000	18.6 x 18.5	10	+H₂O		5.600		25 July 2009
	+13 59 30.762	-61 48 40.12	0 mas	0 mas	310.878960	0.005721			1	29	13560-6133_2		-50	4.772e-01
30	+14 02 27.156	-61 45 13.05			311.229252	-0.031248	G311.230-0.032	G311.2298-0.0317			13585-6133_0	22 GHz;	31		ATCA	B06	0.000	18.8 x 18.2	56	+H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	EVOLVED	3.200		25 July 2009
	+14 02 27.156	-61 45 13.05	0 mas	0 mas	311.229252	-0.031248			1	30	13585-6133_0		31	3.536e-01
31	+14 03 35.149	-61 18 26.87			311.481168	0.360972	G311.481+0.361	G311.4807+0.3608			14000-6104_0	22 GHz;	-63		ATCA	B06	0.001	19.2 x 18.4	55	+H₂O		5.600		25 July 2009
	+14 03 35.149	-61 18 26.87	0 mas	0 mas	311.481168	0.360972			1	31	14000-6104_0		-63	1.624e-01
32	+14 24 30.603	-60 56 36.28			313.993104	-0.086298	G313.994-0.084	G313.9941-0.0843			14201-6044_1	22 GHz;	-17		ATCA	B06	0.000	22.5 x 19.7	44	+H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED	4.100		9 October 2009
	+14 24 30.603	-60 56 36.28	0 mas	0 mas	313.993104	-0.086298			1	32	14201-6044_1		-17	4.321e-01
33	+14 25 14.179	-60 32 21.79			314.218705	0.260422	G314.221+0.273	G314.2192+0.2601			14214-6017_0	22 GHz;	-62		ATCA	B06	0.002	22.1 x 15.8	-67	+H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED	5.900		26 July 2009
	+14 25 14.179	-60 32 21.79	0 mas	0 mas	314.218705	0.260422			1	33	14214-6017_0		-62	1.179e+00
34	+14 43 11.057	-60 17 16.35			316.35915	-0.362278	G316.361-0.363	G316.3598-0.3620			14394-6004_0	22 GHz;	6		ATCA	B06	0.001	23 x 15.4	-69	+H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	12.200		26 July 2009
	+14 43 11.057	-60 17 16.35	0 mas	0 mas	316.359150	-0.362278			1	34	14394-6004_0		6	1.922e+00
35	+14 59 32.635	-59 00 33.53			318.778202	-0.136577	G318.777-0.151	G318.7792-0.1375			14557-5849_0	22 GHz;	-138		ATCA	B06	0.000	20.8 x 19.3	19	+H₂O +CH₃OH II	SFR	2.700		9 October 2009
	+14 59 32.635	-59 00 33.53	0 mas	0 mas	318.778202	-0.136577			1	35	14557-5849_0		-138	5.129e+01
36	+15 10 0.528	-58 17 30.35			320.316208	-0.176434	G320.319-0.186	G320.3191-0.1758			15061-5806_0	22 GHz;	-4		ATCA	B06	0.001	20.3 x 19.1	27	+H₂O		0.800		9 October 2009
	+15 10 0.528	-58 17 30.35	0 mas	0 mas	320.316208	-0.176434			1	36	15061-5806_0		-4	6.079e-01
37	+15 25 47.784	-57 09 17.94			322.705344	-0.332026	G322.705-0.331	G322.7052-0.3311			15219-5658_0	22 GHz;	-18		ATCA	B06	0.000	20.1 x 18	86	+H₂O +CH₃OH II -OH	SFR_MIXED	1.200		9 October 2009
	+15 25 47.784	-57 09 17.94	0 mas	0 mas	322.705344	-0.332026			1	37	15219-5658_0		-18	5.970e-02
38	+15 31 45.509	-56 30 50.73			323.740132	-0.262855	G323.740-0.263	G323.7401-0.2628			15278-5620_0	22 GHz;	-45		ATCA	B06	0.000	22.1 x 17.2	88	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED	3.400		9 October 2009
	+15 31 45.509	-56 30 50.73	0 mas	0 mas	323.740132	-0.262855			1	38	15278-5620_0		-45	1.479e+00
39	+15 49 19.409	-53 45 18.64			327.401187	0.443586	G327.402+0.444	G327.4023+0.4441			15454-5335_0	22 GHz;	-86		ATCA	B06	0.002	20.2 x 15.6	-69	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	5.200		26 July 2009
	+15 49 19.409	-53 45 18.64	0 mas	0 mas	327.401187	0.443586			1	39	15454-5335_0		-86	4.251e+00
40	+15 49 18.628	-55 16 53.84			326.447983	-0.748672	G326.448-0.749	G326.4483-0.7488			15454-5507_0	22 GHz;	-113 .. -72		ATCA	B06	0.000	20 x 15.8	-68	+H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	4.400		26 July 2009
	+15 49 18.628	-55 16 53.84	0 mas	0 mas	326.447983	-0.748672			1	40	15454-5507_0		-72	2.699e-01
	+15 49 17.947	-55 16 51.61	-10216.2 mas	2229.2 mas	326.447106	-0.747180			2	41	15454-5507_0		-113	1.494e-01
41	+15 51 29.544	-54 31 23.06			327.167696	-0.353932	G327.166-0.356	G327.1661-0.3557			15470-5419_1	22 GHz;	-59		ATCA	B06	0.000	19.9 x 15.8	-69	+H₂O		4.100		26 July 2009
	+15 51 29.544	-54 31 23.06	0 mas	0 mas	327.167696	-0.353932			1	42	15470-5419_1		-59	1.368e-01
42	+15 51 1.338	-54 26 37.45			327.164498	-0.249311	G327.158-0.256	G327.1644-0.2508			15470-5419_3	22 GHz;	-59		ATCA	B06	0.000	20 x 15.7	-68	+H₂O		4.100		26 July 2009
	+15 51 1.338	-54 26 37.45	0 mas	0 mas	327.164498	-0.249311			1	43	15470-5419_3		-59	8.527e-01
43	+15 55 46.767	-54 39 17.64			327.563522	-0.850294	G327.566-0.850	G327.5661-0.8503			15519-5430_0	22 GHz;	-18		ATCA	B06	0.000	19.8 x 15.8	-70	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR_MIXED	2.700		26 July 2009
	+15 55 46.767	-54 39 17.64	0 mas	0 mas	327.563522	-0.850294			1	44	15519-5430_0		-18	2.202e-01
44	+15 56 51.367	-52 40 24.87			328.958934	0.565335	G328.942+0.565	G328.9608+0.5658			15530-5231_0	22 GHz;	-99		ATCA	B06	0.001	19.9 x 15.5	-71	+H₂O +CH₃OH II -OH	SFR	6.000		26 July 2009
	+15 56 51.367	-52 40 24.87	0 mas	0 mas	328.958934	0.565335			1	45	15530-5231_0		-99	8.672e-01
45	+15 59 36.17	-52 22 55.17			329.466099	0.516897	G329.469+0.503	G329.4670+0.5162			15557-5215_0	22 GHz;	-99		ATCA	B06	0.000	19.9 x 15.5	-68	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	10.200		26 July 2009
	+15 59 36.17	-52 22 55.17	0 mas	0 mas	329.466099	0.516897			1	46	15557-5215_0		-99	1.153e+00
46	+16 01 46.569	-53 11 42.09			329.182718	-0.312967	G329.183-0.314	G329.1833-0.3140			15579-5303_0	22 GHz;	-45		ATCA	B06	0.000	19.9 x 15.8	-69	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	3.500		26 July 2009
	+16 01 46.569	-53 11 42.09	0 mas	0 mas	329.182718	-0.312967			1	47	15579-5303_0		-45	1.376e+01
47	+16 10 6.427	-50 50 28.61			331.708437	0.582807	G331.708+0.583	G331.7084+0.5828			16061-5048_1	22 GHz;	-71		ATCA	B06	0.000	19.7 x 16.5	-80	+H₂O +CH₃OH I	SFR	3.600		25 July 2009
	+16 10 6.427	-50 50 28.61	0 mas	0 mas	331.708437	0.582807			1	48	16061-5048_1		-71	3.303e+00
48	+16 10 5.966	-50 57 11.58			331.631599	0.501396	G331.639+0.501	G331.6316+0.5014			16061-5048_4	22 GHz;	-31		ATCA	B06	0.000	20.1 x 16.1	-81	+H₂O		3.600		25 July 2009
	+16 10 5.966	-50 57 11.58	0 mas	0 mas	331.631599	0.501396			1	49	16061-5048_4		-31	1.259e-01
49	+16 10 39.103	-49 05 56.75			332.956425	1.801874	G332.956+1.804	G332.9563+1.8039			16069-4858_0	22 GHz;	-17		ATCA	B06	0.000	20.7 x 15.1	-74	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED	1.900		10 October 2009
	+16 10 39.103	-49 05 56.75	0 mas	0 mas	332.956425	1.801874			1	50	16069-4858_0		-17	9.529e-02
50	+16 13 1.495	-50 22 36.76			332.363746	0.606627	G332.364+0.605	G332.3641+0.6045			16093-5015_0	22 GHz;	-31		ATCA	B06	0.000	23 x 18.7	79	+H₂O		11.900		9 October 2009
	+16 13 1.495	-50 22 36.76	0 mas	0 mas	332.363746	0.606627			1	51	16093-5015_0		-31	2.006e-01
51	+16 15 5.703	-49 50 26.96			332.973535	0.767024	G332.974+0.773	G332.9755+0.7672			16112-4943_0	22 GHz;	-44		ATCA	B06	0.003	20.6 x 16.5	-81	+H₂O		3.300		25 July 2009
	+16 15 5.703	-49 50 26.96	0 mas	0 mas	332.973535	0.767024			1	52	16112-4943_0		-44	5.346e-01
	+16 14 59.418	-49 50 41.3	-94276.8 mas	-14340.8 mas	332.958570	0.775809			2	53	16112-4943_0		-44	3.219e-01
	+16 14 6.703	-49 46 9.56	-885002 mas	257399 mas	332.907953	0.928222			3	54	16112-4943_0		-44	1.970e-01
52	+16 18 56.682	-50 23 51.12			333.029725	-0.062163	G333.029-0.063	G333.0292-0.0628			16153-5016_1	22 GHz;	-45		ATCA	B06	0.000	20.7 x 15.1	-75	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	3.100		10 October 2009
	+16 18 56.682	-50 23 51.12	0 mas	0 mas	333.029725	-0.062163			1	55	16153-5016_1		-45	2.760e-01
53	+16 24 15.247	-49 22 24.62			334.35841	0.058411	G334.358+0.058	G334.3584+0.0584			16204-4916_0	22 GHz;	-84		ATCA	B06	0.003	20.7 x 16.2	-78	+H₂O		4.600		26 July 2009
	+16 24 15.247	-49 22 24.62	0 mas	0 mas	334.358410	0.058411			1	56	16204-4916_0		-84	3.034e-01
54	+16 25 38.389	-49 38 13.02			334.327674	-0.286647	G334.327-0.286	G334.3275-0.2858			16218-4931_0	22 GHz;	-99		ATCA	B06	0.000	20.7 x 15	-76	+H₂O		2.900		10 October 2009
	+16 25 38.389	-49 38 13.02	0 mas	0 mas	334.327674	-0.286647			1	57	16218-4931_0		-99	3.292e-01
55	+16 29 0.539	-48 58 57.91			335.179767	-0.227746	G335.178-0.242	G335.1798-0.2277			16252-4853_0	22 GHz;	-56		ATCA	B06	0.000	20.8 x 16.3	-79	+H₂O		3.400		26 July 2009
	+16 29 0.539	-48 58 57.91	0 mas	0 mas	335.179767	-0.227746			1	58	16252-4853_0		-56	1.197e-01
56	+16 29 1.156	-48 50 32.09			335.282603	-0.131989	G335.284-0.142	G335.2841-0.1325			16254-4844_1	22 GHz;	-43		ATCA	B06	0.000	20.8 x 16.3	-79	+H₂O		3.400		26 July 2009
	+16 29 1.156	-48 50 32.09	0 mas	0 mas	335.282603	-0.131989			1	59	16254-4844_1		-43	2.375e-01
57	+16 38 9.058	-46 11 2.29			338.280455	0.542541	G338.280+0.542	G338.2803+0.5424			16344-4605_0	22 GHz;	-58		ATCA	B06	0.000	21.3 x 14.7	-79	+H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	4.400		10 October 2009
	+16 38 9.058	-46 11 2.29	0 mas	0 mas	338.280455	0.542541			1	60	16344-4605_0		-58	3.867e+01
58	+16 39 59.623	-46 50 20.4			338.0033	-0.130339	G337.999-0.146	G338.0041-0.1305			16363-4645_0	22 GHz;	-69		ATCA	B06	0.001	21 x 15.8	-77	+H₂O		4.500		26 July 2009
	+16 39 59.623	-46 50 20.4	0 mas	0 mas	338.003300	-0.130339			1	61	16363-4645_0		-69	3.354e-01
59	+16 47 2.887	-45 21 27.95			339.923421	-0.082112	G339.924-0.084	G339.9242-0.0842			16435-4515_0	22 GHz;	-55		ATCA	B06	0.000	21.2 x 15.7	-76	+H₂O		4.000		26 July 2009
	+16 47 2.887	-45 21 27.95	0 mas	0 mas	339.923421	-0.082112			1	62	16435-4515_0		-55	5.099e-01
60	+16 50 1.312	-44 05 3.35			341.237876	0.333844	G341.238+0.333	G341.2375+0.3325			16464-4359_0	22 GHz;	-81		ATCA	B06	0.000	21.7 x 15.6	-76	+H₂O		5.300		26 July 2009
	+16 50 1.312	-44 05 3.35	0 mas	0 mas	341.237876	0.333844			1	63	16464-4359_0		-81	2.679e-01
61	+16 51 46.752	-44 48 54.8			340.875464	-0.374191	G340.876-0.376	G340.8758-0.3758			16482-4443_0	22 GHz;	-27		ATCA	B06	0.000	21.4 x 15.8	-75	+H₂O		3.700		26 July 2009
	+16 51 46.752	-44 48 54.8	0 mas	0 mas	340.875464	-0.374191			1	64	16482-4443_0		-27	1.068e-01
62	+17 00 32.633	-42 25 8.71			343.7368	-0.110899	G343.738-0.112	G343.7375-0.1125			16573-4214_2	22 GHz;	-26		ATCA	B06	0.000	22 x 15.3	-77	+H₂O		2.600		26 July 2009
	+17 00 32.633	-42 25 8.71	0 mas	0 mas	343.736800	-0.110899			1	65	16573-4214_2		-26	8.634e+00
63	+17 06 44.806	-40 39 29.09			345.84041	0.040326	G345.824+0.044	G345.8404+0.0403			17033-4035_0	22 GHz;	-39		ATCA	B06	0.001	26.2 x 15.3	-75	+H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	9.800		25 July 2009
	+17 06 44.806	-40 39 29.09	0 mas	0 mas	345.840410	0.040326			1	66	17033-4035_0		-39	3.187e-01
64	+17 07 33.739	-40 03 8.75			346.41793	0.279962	G346.418+0.279	G346.4175+0.2792			17040-3959_0	22 GHz;	-4		ATCA	B06	0.000	19.9 x 14.9	-76	+H₂O		16.500		10 October 2009
	+17 07 33.739	-40 03 8.75	0 mas	0 mas	346.417930	0.279962			1	67	17040-3959_0		-4	1.773e-01
65	+17 11 45.22	-41 17 49.42			345.890495	-1.099317	G345.879-1.102	G345.8905-1.0993			17082-4114_0	22 GHz;	-45		ATCA	B06	0.000	20.4 x 15.1	-75	+H₂O		2.500		10 October 2009
	+17 11 45.22	-41 17 49.42	0 mas	0 mas	345.890495	-1.099317			1	68	17082-4114_0		-45	2.697e-01
66	+17 15 20.373	-39 13 41.13			347.967798	-0.440465	G347.967-0.432	G347.9678-0.4405			17118-3909_0	22 GHz;	-132		ATCA	B06	0.001	24.9 x 14.8	-76	+H₂O		6.400		00J
	+17 15 20.373	-39 13 41.13	0 mas	0 mas	347.967798	-0.440465			1	69	17118-3909_0		-132	2.018e-01
67	+17 18 23.467	-39 18 40.29			348.242014	-0.970128	G348.236-0.976	G348.2427-0.9688			17149-3916_0	22 GHz;	57		ATCA	B06	0.012	25.1 x 15.1	-76	+H₂O +CH₃OH II -OH	SFR_MIXED	2.100		00J
	+17 18 23.467	-39 18 40.29	0 mas	0 mas	348.242014	-0.970128			1	70	17149-3916_0		57	5.863e-01
68	+17 21 50.382	-36 41 13.95			350.783094	-0.026639	G350.782-0.026	G350.7823-0.0258			17184-3638_0	22 GHz;	10		ATCA	B06	0.004	20.6 x 14.6	-74	+H₂O		27.100		10 October 2009
	+17 21 50.382	-36 41 13.95	0 mas	0 mas	350.783094	-0.026639			1	71	17184-3638_0		10	8.277e-01
69	+17 23 0.277	-38 14 58.11			349.627153	-1.102773	G349.626-1.094	G349.6258-1.1040			17195-3811_0	22 GHz;	-18		ATCA	B06	0.000	24.8 x 15.1	-76	+H₂O		3.600		00J
	+17 23 0.277	-38 14 58.11	0 mas	0 mas	349.627153	-1.102773			1	72	17195-3811_0		-18	8.482e-01
70	+17 23 0.399	-38 14 55.42			349.627995	-1.10268	G349.626-1.094	G349.6258-1.1040			17195-3811_2	22 GHz;	-50 .. -10		ATCA	B06	0.000	24.8 x 15.1	-76	+H₂O		3.600		00J
	+17 23 0.399	-38 14 55.42	0 mas	0 mas	349.627995	-1.102680			1	73	17195-3811_2		-50	1.047e+00
	+17 23 1.191	-38 13 52.39	11878.2 mas	63030.8 mas	349.643903	-1.094916			2	74	17195-3811_2		-37	2.588e-01
	+17 22 57.048	-38 14 37.09	-50266.8 mas	18330.8 mas	349.625991	-1.090757			3	75	17195-3811_2		-24	2.053e-01
	+17 23 0.216	-38 15 0.55	-2746.8 mas	-5129.2 mas	349.626481	-1.102992			4	76	17195-3811_2		-10	3.499e-01
71	+17 23 28.498	-37 01 48.34			350.685845	-0.490437	G350.686-0.491	G350.6861-0.4909			17200-3658_0	22 GHz;	-17		ATCA	B06	0.000	21 x 14.5	-75	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	3.100		10 October 2009
	+17 23 28.498	-37 01 48.34	0 mas	0 mas	350.685845	-0.490437			1	77	17200-3658_0		-17	3.157e+00
72	+17 25 32.111	-36 22 5.75			351.465357	-0.45953	G351.476-0.461	G351.4643-0.4607			17221-3619_1	22 GHz;	-17		ATCA	B06	0.005	20.9 x 14.8	-77	+H₂O		3.600		10 October 2009
	+17 25 32.111	-36 22 5.75	0 mas	0 mas	351.465357	-0.459530			1	78	17221-3619_1		-17	1.430e-01
73	+17 26 26.572	-35 33 44.14			352.23618	-0.160831	G352.226-0.161	G352.2375-0.1608			17230-3531_0	22 GHz;	-125 .. -84		ATCA	B06	0.000	21 x 14.3	-76	+H₂O				10 October 2009
	+17 26 26.572	-35 33 44.14	0 mas	0 mas	352.236180	-0.160831			1	79	17230-3531_0		-125	1.823e-01
	+17 26 27.454	-35 34 42.03	13228.8 mas	-57890.4 mas	352.224511	-0.172292			2	80	17230-3531_0		-84	9.594e-02
74	+17 28 17.809	-35 04 12.48			352.855534	-0.201111	G352.855-0.201	G352.8553-0.2011			17249-3501_0	22 GHz;	-57		ATCA	B06	0.004	28.1 x 14.8	-72	+H₂O +CH₃OH II -OH	SFR	10.900		26 July 2009
	+17 28 17.809	-35 04 12.48	0 mas	0 mas	352.855534	-0.201111			1	81	17249-3501_0		-57	2.461e-01
75	+17 31 15.804	-33 51 51.72			354.198535	-0.045973	G354.206-0.038	G354.1985-0.0460			17279-3350_0	22 GHz;	-30		ATCA	B06	0.004	29.1 x 14.7	-72	+H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	5.200		26 July 2009
	+17 31 15.804	-33 51 51.72	0 mas	0 mas	354.198535	-0.045973			1	82	17279-3350_0		-30	5.860e-01
76	+17 40 57.067	-31 11 0.35			357.557142	-0.320894	G357.558-0.321	G357.5576-0.3211			17377-3109_0	22 GHz;	-3		ATCA	B06	0.000	21.7 x 14.2	-76	+H₂O +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	0.800		10 October 2009
	+17 40 57.067	-31 11 0.35	0 mas	0 mas	357.557142	-0.320894			1	83	17377-3109_0		-3	2.054e+01
77	+18 04 53.462	-24 26 49.52			6.047184	-1.449116	G6.049-1.447	G6.0490-1.4471			18018-2426_9	22 GHz;	11		ATCA	B06	0.001	46.2 x 13.7	-71	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II +OH	SFR	3.100		10 October 2009
	+18 04 53.462	-24 26 49.52	0 mas	0 mas	6.047184	-1.449116			1	84	18018-2426_9		11	5.489e-01
78	+18 17 23.98	-17 22 14.08			13.655777	-0.598459	G13.657-0.599	G13.6567-0.5994			18144-1723_0	22 GHz;	40		ATCA	B06	0.000	35.8 x 13.7	-69	+H₂O +CH₃OH I		4.400		10 October 2009
	+18 17 23.98	-17 22 14.08	0 mas	0 mas	13.655777	-0.598459			1	85	18144-1723_0		40	5.264e+00

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	GLIMPSE 360
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm

select MAX(h2o_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(h2o_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(h2o_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(h2o_data_all.l) as l,MAX(h2o_data_all.b) as b,MAX(h2o_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(h2o_data_all.grpv) as grpv,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(h2o_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(h2o_data_all.line) as line,MAX(h2o_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(h2o_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(h2o_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(h2o_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(h2o_data_all.int) as int,MAX(h2o_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.units) as units,MAX(h2o_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(h2o_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(h2o_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(h2o_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(h2o_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(h2o_data_all.url) as url,MAX(h2o_data_all.image) as image,MAX(h2o_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(h2o_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(h2o_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(h2o_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(h2o_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(h2o_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'SAN13' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select h2o_data_all.ra_hms,h2o_data_all.dec_dms,h2o_data_all.source_name,h2o_data_all.ra,h2o_data_all.dec,h2o_data_all.l,h2o_data_all.b,h2o_data_all.grp,h2o_data_all.grpv,h2o_data_all.other_name,h2o_data_all.other_desc,h2o_data_all.thermal,h2o_data_all.line,h2o_data_all.vrange,h2o_data_all.vpeak,h2o_data_all.peak,h2o_data_all.fwhm,h2o_data_all.int,h2o_data_all.rms,h2o_data_all.units,h2o_data_all.units_rms,h2o_data_all.date_txt,h2o_data_all.telescope_ref,h2o_data_all.telescope_conf,h2o_data_all.v_step,h2o_data_all.beam,h2o_data_all.beam_maj,h2o_data_all.beam_min,h2o_data_all.beam_pa,h2o_data_all.ref,h2o_data_all.list_ref,h2o_data_all.ascii,h2o_data_all.url,h2o_data_all.image,h2o_data_all.image2,h2o_data_all.image3,h2o_data_all.descr,h2o_data_all.id,h2o_data_all.mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,h2o_data_all.dist,h2o_data_all.dist_parallax,h2o_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM h2o_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON h2o_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON h2o_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'SAN13' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

Display data from paper

SAN13 - Different evolutionary stages in massive star formation. Centimeter continuum and H2O maser emission with ATCA

Interferometry data

View as list of objects

Detection table from Sanchez-Monge et al. (2013)

SAN13 - Different evolutionary stages in massive star formation. Centimeter continuum and H₂O maser emission with ATCA