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MAC23 - Identifying Zeeman pairs of hydroxyl masers in NGC 6334I-MM3 via velocity drift

Short title: MacLeod et al. (2023)
Authors: MacLeod, G. C.Smits, D. P.Hunter, T. R.Brogan, C.Chibueze, J. O.van den Heever, S. P.
Journal: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 520, Issue 4, pp.5464-5474
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Target type: High_mass_SFR
Observations category: variability
Facility type: single-dish
Transitions: OH_1665,OH_1667,OH_1720,OH_6031,OH_6035

Abstract
A new tool to identify possible Zeeman pairs is presented here: the right circularly polarized (RCP) and left circularly polarized (LCP) components of a pair with velocity drift at the same rate. Long-term monitoring of hydroxyl transitions towards NGC 6334I-MM3 has resulted in the identification of three possible Zeeman pairs, one each at the 1.667, 6.030, and 6.035 GHz transitions, where the rate of drift of the RCP feature equals that of the LCP component. Historical observations suggest that their drift has been occurring over 40 yr. A fourth pair in the 1.720 GHz OH transition may indicate magnetic field variation over 50 yr.

Abstract

A new tool to identify possible Zeeman pairs is presented here: the right circularly polarized (RCP) and left circularly polarized (LCP) components of a pair with velocity drift at the same rate. Long-term monitoring of hydroxyl transitions towards NGC 6334I-MM3 has resulted in the identification of three possible Zeeman pairs, one each at the 1.667, 6.030, and 6.035 GHz transitions, where the rate of drift of the RCP feature equals that of the LCP component. Historical observations suggest that their drift has been occurring over 40 yr. A fourth pair in the 1.720 GHz OH transition may indicate magnetic field variation over 50 yr.

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Detection table from MacLeod et al. (2023)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	grpv	Source name	Line	Frequency	Polarization	V_peak	F_peak	Telescope	RMS	Beam	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)				OH	(MHz)		(km/s)	(Jy)		(Jy)	(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	1665 MHz;	1665	LCP	-7.39	12.7	HartRAO	0.400	29.6	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011-10 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	1665 MHz;	1665	LCP	-8.11	159.2	HartRAO	0.400	29.6	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011-10 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	1665 MHz;	1665	LCP	-8.87	480.1	HartRAO	0.400	29.6	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011-10 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	1665 MHz;	1665	LCP	-9.3	333.6	HartRAO	0.400	29.6	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011-10 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	1665 MHz;	1665	LCP	-9.79	206.5	HartRAO	0.400	29.6	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011-10 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	1665 MHz;	1665	RCP	-7.74	14.6	HartRAO	0.400	29.6	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011-10 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	1665 MHz;	1665	RCP	-8.77	60.8	HartRAO	0.400	29.6	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011-10 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	1665 MHz;	1665	RCP	-10.89	121.5	HartRAO	0.400	29.6	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2011-10 onwards
9	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	1667 MHz;	1667	LCP	-9.22	54.8	HartRAO	0.260	29.6	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-09 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	1667 MHz;	1667	LCP	-9.69	32.2	HartRAO	0.260	29.6	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-09 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	1667 MHz;	1667	LCP	-10.27	21.8	HartRAO	0.260	29.6	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-09 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	1667 MHz;	1667	RCP	-10.43	28.5	HartRAO	0.260	29.6	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-09 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	1667 MHz;	1667	RCP	-10.96	35.6	HartRAO	0.260	29.6	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-09 onwards
14	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	1720 MHz;	1720	LCP	-9.24	127.3	HartRAO	0.130	29.6	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-09 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	1720 MHz;	1720	RCP	-9.88	118.9	HartRAO	0.130	29.6	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-09 onwards
16	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	6030.7 MHz;	6031	LCP	-9.33	3.7	HartRAO	0.130	7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-09 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	6030.7 MHz;	6031	RCP	-10.51	5	HartRAO	0.130	7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-09 onwards
18	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	6035 MHz;	6035	RCP	-8.48	7.3	HartRAO	0.130	7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-08 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	6035 MHz;	6035	RCP	-8.48	7.3	HartRAO	0.130	7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-08 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	6035 MHz;	6035	LCP	-9.94	97.7	HartRAO	0.130	7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-08 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	6035 MHz;	6035	LCP	-9.94	97.7	HartRAO	0.130	7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-08 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	6035 MHz;	6035	LCP	-10.87	14.6	HartRAO	0.130	7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-08 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	6035 MHz;	6035	LCP	-10.87	14.6	HartRAO	0.130	7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-08 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	6035 MHz;	6035	RCP	-8.8	3.7	HartRAO	0.130	7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-08 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	6035 MHz;	6035	RCP	-8.8	3.7	HartRAO	0.130	7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-08 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	6035 MHz;	6035	LCP	-9.58	9.6	HartRAO	0.130	7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-08 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	6035 MHz;	6035	LCP	-9.58	9.6	HartRAO	0.130	7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-08 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	6035 MHz;	6035	RCP	-10.36	77.5	HartRAO	0.130	7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-08 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	6035 MHz;	6035	RCP	-10.36	77.5	HartRAO	0.130	7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-08 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	6035 MHz;	6035	RCP	-11.23	5.7	HartRAO	0.130	7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-08 onwards
	17 20 53.4	-35 47 1.5	351.4169	0.6451	G351.417+0.645	G351.4169+0.6451	NGC 6334I-MM3	6035 MHz;	6035	RCP	-11.23	5.7	HartRAO	0.130	7.5	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2015-08 onwards

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	GLIMPSE 360
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm
UKIDSS K Download UKIDSS K FITS	2MASS K Download 2MASS K FITS

select MAX(oh_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(oh_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(oh_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(oh_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(oh_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(oh_data_all.l) as l,MAX(oh_data_all.b) as b,MAX(oh_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(oh_data_all.grpv) as grpv,MAX(oh_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(oh_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(oh_data_all.line) as line,MAX(oh_data_all.freq) as freq,MAX(oh_data_all.pol) as pol,MAX(oh_data_all.vi) as vi,MAX(oh_data_all.var_type) as var_type,MAX(oh_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(oh_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(oh_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(oh_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(oh_data_all.int) as int,MAX(oh_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(oh_data_all.units) as units,MAX(oh_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(oh_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(oh_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(oh_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(oh_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(oh_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(oh_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(oh_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(oh_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(oh_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(oh_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(oh_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(oh_data_all.url) as url,MAX(oh_data_all.image) as image,MAX(oh_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(oh_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(oh_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(oh_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(oh_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(oh_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM oh_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON oh_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON oh_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'MAC23' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select oh_data_all.ra_hms,oh_data_all.dec_dms,oh_data_all.source_name,oh_data_all.ra,oh_data_all.dec,oh_data_all.l,oh_data_all.b,oh_data_all.grp,oh_data_all.grpv,oh_data_all.other_name,oh_data_all.other_desc,oh_data_all.thermal,oh_data_all.line,oh_data_all.freq,oh_data_all.pol,oh_data_all.vi,oh_data_all.var_type,oh_data_all.vrange,oh_data_all.vpeak,oh_data_all.peak,oh_data_all.fwhm,oh_data_all.int,oh_data_all.rms,oh_data_all.units,oh_data_all.units_rms,oh_data_all.date_txt,oh_data_all.telescope_ref,oh_data_all.telescope_conf,oh_data_all.v_step,oh_data_all.beam,oh_data_all.beam_maj,oh_data_all.beam_min,oh_data_all.beam_pa,oh_data_all.ref,oh_data_all.list_ref,oh_data_all.ascii,oh_data_all.url,oh_data_all.image,oh_data_all.image2,oh_data_all.image3,oh_data_all.descr,oh_data_all.id,oh_data_all.mjy_flag,oh_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,oh_data_all.dist,oh_data_all.dist_parallax,oh_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM oh_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON oh_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON oh_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'MAC23' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

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MAC23 - Identifying Zeeman pairs of hydroxyl masers in NGC 6334I-MM3 via velocity drift

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Detection table from MacLeod et al. (2023)