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GOE19 - Periodic variability of the mainline hydroxyl masers in G9.62+0.20E

Short title: Goedhart et al. (2019)
Authors: Goedhart, S.van Rooyen, R.van der Walt, D. J.Maswanganye, J. P.Sanna, A.MacLeod, G. C.van den Heever, S. P.
Journal: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 485, Issue 4, p.4676-4685
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Target type: High_mass_SFR
Observations category: SF.general
Facility type: mixed
Transitions: OH_1665,OH_1667

Abstract
We present the results of a monitoring campaign using the KAT-7 and HartRAO 26 m telescopes, of hydroxyl, methanol, and water vapour masers associated with the high-mass star-forming region G9.62+0.20E. Periodic flaring of the mainline hydroxyl masers was found, similar to that seen in the 6.7 and 12.2 GHz methanol masers. The 1667 MHz flares are characterized by a rapid decrease in flux density, which is coincident with the start of the 12.2 GHz methanol maser flare. The decrease in the OH maser flux density is followed by a slow increase till a maximum is reached after which the maser decays to its pre-flare level. A possible interpretation of the rapid decrease in the maser flux density is presented. Considering the projected separation between the periodic methanol and OH masers, we conclude that the periodic 12.2 methanol masing region is located about 1600 au deeper into the molecular envelope compared to the location of the periodic OH masers. A single water maser flare was also detected, which seems not to be associated with the same event that gives rise to the periodic methanol and OH maser flares.

Abstract

We present the results of a monitoring campaign using the KAT-7 and HartRAO 26 m telescopes, of hydroxyl, methanol, and water vapour masers associated with the high-mass star-forming region G9.62+0.20E. Periodic flaring of the mainline hydroxyl masers was found, similar to that seen in the 6.7 and 12.2 GHz methanol masers. The 1667 MHz flares are characterized by a rapid decrease in flux density, which is coincident with the start of the 12.2 GHz methanol maser flare. The decrease in the OH maser flux density is followed by a slow increase till a maximum is reached after which the maser decays to its pre-flare level. A possible interpretation of the rapid decrease in the maser flux density is presented. Considering the projected separation between the periodic methanol and OH masers, we conclude that the periodic 12.2 methanol masing region is located about 1600 au deeper into the molecular envelope compared to the location of the periodic OH masers. A single water maser flare was also detected, which seems not to be associated with the same event that gives rise to the periodic methanol and OH maser flares.

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Detection table from Goedhart et al. (2019)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	grpv	Source name	Image	image2	image3	V_step	RMS	Beam	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)							(km/s)	(Jy)	(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	18 06 14.7	-20 31 31.2	9.6214	0.1957	G9.621+0.195	G9.6210+0.1951	G9.62+0.20	Image	Image 2	Image 3	0.068	0.200	180	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2013 May

DSS colored	2MASS colored	WISE colored
PACS color (70-160 um)	SPIRE color (250-500 um)	GLIMPSE 360
SDSS color	IRAC color I1,I2,I4	NVSS (1.4GHz)
ATLASGAL 870 um	ATLASGAL 870 um + Planck	Bolocam 1.1 mm

select MAX(oh_data_all.ra_hms) as ra_hms,MAX(oh_data_all.dec_dms) as dec_dms,MAX(oh_data_all.source_name) as source_name,MAX(oh_data_all.ra) as ra,MAX(oh_data_all.dec) as dec,MAX(oh_data_all.l) as l,MAX(oh_data_all.b) as b,MAX(oh_data_all.grp) as grp,MAX(oh_data_all.grpv) as grpv,MAX(oh_data_all.other_name) as other_name,MAX(oh_data_all.other_desc) as other_desc,BOOL_OR(thermal) as thermal,MAX(oh_data_all.line) as line,MAX(oh_data_all.freq) as freq,MAX(oh_data_all.pol) as pol,MAX(oh_data_all.vrange) as vrange,MAX(oh_data_all.vpeak) as vpeak,MAX(oh_data_all.peak) as peak,MAX(oh_data_all.fwhm) as fwhm,MAX(oh_data_all.int) as int,MAX(oh_data_all.rms) as rms,MAX(oh_data_all.units) as units,MAX(oh_data_all.units_rms) as units_rms,MAX(oh_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(oh_data_all.telescope_ref) as telescope_ref,MAX(oh_data_all.telescope_conf) as telescope_conf,MAX(oh_data_all.v_step) as v_step,MAX(oh_data_all.beam) as beam,MAX(oh_data_all.beam_maj) as beam_maj,MAX(oh_data_all.beam_min) as beam_min,MAX(oh_data_all.beam_pa) as beam_pa,MAX(oh_data_all.ref) as ref,MAX(oh_data_all.list_ref) as list_ref,MAX(oh_data_all.ascii) as ascii,MAX(oh_data_all.url) as url,MAX(oh_data_all.image) as image,MAX(oh_data_all.image2) as image2,MAX(oh_data_all.image3) as image3,MAX(oh_data_all.descr) as descr,MAX(oh_data_all.id) as id,BOOL_OR(mjy_flag) as mjy_flag,BOOL_OR(rms_mjy_flag) as rms_mjy_flag,MAX(oh_data_all.dist) as dist,1 as dist_parallax,MAX(oh_data_all.date_txt) as date_txt,MAX(line_det) as line_det,MAX(type) as type,MAX(simbad_types_cat) as simbad_types_cat FROM oh_data_all  LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON oh_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON oh_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'GOE19' AND detected=true AND hide=false GROUP BY ref

select oh_data_all.ra_hms,oh_data_all.dec_dms,oh_data_all.source_name,oh_data_all.ra,oh_data_all.dec,oh_data_all.l,oh_data_all.b,oh_data_all.grp,oh_data_all.grpv,oh_data_all.other_name,oh_data_all.other_desc,oh_data_all.thermal,oh_data_all.line,oh_data_all.freq,oh_data_all.pol,oh_data_all.vrange,oh_data_all.vpeak,oh_data_all.peak,oh_data_all.fwhm,oh_data_all.int,oh_data_all.rms,oh_data_all.units,oh_data_all.units_rms,oh_data_all.date_txt,oh_data_all.telescope_ref,oh_data_all.telescope_conf,oh_data_all.v_step,oh_data_all.beam,oh_data_all.beam_maj,oh_data_all.beam_min,oh_data_all.beam_pa,oh_data_all.ref,oh_data_all.list_ref,oh_data_all.ascii,oh_data_all.url,oh_data_all.image,oh_data_all.image2,oh_data_all.image3,oh_data_all.descr,oh_data_all.id,oh_data_all.mjy_flag,oh_data_all.rms_mjy_flag,oh_data_all.dist,oh_data_all.dist_parallax,oh_data_all.date_txt,line_det,type,simbad_types_cat FROM oh_data_all   LEFT JOIN all_objects_withmet ON oh_data_all.grp=all_objects_withmet.group_name LEFT JOIN object_categories ON all_objects_withmet.group_name = object_categories.group_name_cat AND object_categories.tbl_cat = 'all_objects_withmet' LEFT JOIN transitions ON oh_data_all.line=transitions."Line"  WHERE ref ilike 'GOE19' AND detected=true AND hide=false ORDER BY detected DESC,id

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GOE19 - Periodic variability of the mainline hydroxyl masers in G9.62+0.20E

View as list of objects

Detection table from Goedhart et al. (2019)