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PAL93 - H2O masers associated with dense molecular clouds and ultracompact HII regions. II. The extended sample.

Short title: Palla et al. (1993)
Authors: Palla, F.Cesaroni, R.Brand, J.Caselli, P.Comoretto, G.Felli, M.
Journal: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 280, p. 599-608 (1993)
Bibcode:

Non-detection table: Show non-detection table
Detection table: Show detection table (21 detection) Non-detection table: Show non-detection table (45 non-detection)
Target type: IRAS,UCHII

Abstract
We present water maser observations towards a sample of candidate compact molecular cores selected on the basis of their far-infrared colors according to the criteria specified in a previous paper (Palla et al. 1991). We have extended our initial sample to objects with flux at 60 micrometers below 100 Jy. Our results confirm the existence of a sharp cutoff in H2O detections for log(base 10) (F₂₅/F₁₂) less than 0.57. We demonstrate that sources above this threshold are likely to be associated with ultracompact H II regions, whereas the rest of the sample is probably made of high mass (proto) stars with only a minor contamination of young H II regions.

Abstract

We present water maser observations towards a sample of candidate compact molecular cores selected on the basis of their far-infrared colors according to the criteria specified in a previous paper (Palla et al. 1991). We have extended our initial sample to objects with flux at 60 micrometers below 100 Jy. Our results confirm the existence of a sharp cutoff in H2O detections for log(base 10) (F₂₅/F₁₂) less than 0.57. We demonstrate that sources above this threshold are likely to be associated with ultracompact H II regions, whereas the rest of the sample is probably made of high mass (proto) stars with only a minor contamination of young H II regions.

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Detection table from Palla et al. (1993)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	Source name	Image	Line	V_range	V_peak	F_peak	∫F dv	Telescope	V_step	RMS	Beam	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)				H₂O	(km/s)	(km/s)	(Jy)	(Jy*km/s)		(km/s)	(Jy)	(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	00 40 53.6	+63 04 53.2	121.7387	0.2341	G121.739+0.234	121.74+0.23	Image	22 GHz;	-17.7;-17	-17.3	8.2 (0.7)	7.1	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR		10/91
2	02 53 7.2	+69 14 37.2	133.3962	8.8822	G133.396+8.882	133.4+8.88	Image	22 GHz;	14.4;15.9	15.1	14.4 (1.5)	11.4	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	EVOLVED		05/91
3	02 58 13.7	+62 20 31.1	137.0688	3.0025	G137.069+3.002	137.07+3	Image	22 GHz;	-54.7;-45.5	-54.7	36.2 (0.8)	64.5	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED		10/91
4	03 20 44.3	+58 59 33.2	141.1396	1.5036	G141.140+1.504	141.14+1.5	Image	22 GHz;	-56.5;-54.6	-55.4	7.7 (1.4)	11.7	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR		05/91
5	05 37 57.9	+35 58 48.5	173.1634	2.3464	G173.165+2.345	173.17+2.35	Image	22 GHz;	-21.4;-15.1	-18.1	14.6 (1)	20	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		05/91
6	06 09 48	+21 38 10.7	189.0531	1.0689	G189.053+1.069	189.05+1.07	Image	22 GHz;	-5.7;1.5	-5.7	27.5 (1.4)	60.2	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR		04/91
7	06 33 16.4	+04 34 56.8	206.7807	-1.9376	G206.781-1.938	206.78-1.94	Image	22 GHz;	9.9;10.5	10.2	5.4 (0.6)	2.4	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED		05/91
8	06 52 45.5	+01 40 14.9	211.5952	1.0554	G211.595+1.056	211.6+1.06	Image	22 GHz;	41.1;52.1	52.1	59.3 (1.2)	76.7	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR		05/91
9	07 10 5.4	-10 31 45.8	224.4161	-0.6985	G224.416-0.699	315.58-0.7	Image	22 GHz;	4.7;14.5	14.5	10.4 (1.1)	34	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR		01/91
10	07 13 29.9	-12 16 51.1	226.3553	-0.7686	G226.355-0.769	313.64-0.77	Image	22 GHz;	11.9;15.8	15.8	13.4 (1.4)	18	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O	SFR		05/91
11	07 19 34.7	-17 50 24.5	231.9601	-2.0592	G231.960-2.059	308.04-2.06	Image	22 GHz;	35;36.9	36	7.1 (1.4)	7.6	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	EVOLVED		05/92
12	07 30 5.3	-20 44 24.5	235.6898	-1.2479	G235.690-1.248	304.31-1.25	Image	22 GHz;	68.5;80.7	73.5	50.3 (2.8)	51	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O	GALAXY		01/91
13	07 44 27.9	-20 08 31.9	236.8154	1.9820	G236.816+1.982	303.18+1.98	Image	22 GHz;	44.8;49.6	44.8	39.7 (1.3)	111.3	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		01/92
14	18 38 34.4	-03 32 5.8	28.3188	1.2447	G28.319+1.245	28.32+1.24	Image	22 GHz;	-45.3;-45.9	-45.6	16 (1)	10.4	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH II -OH	SFR		05/91
15	19 38 31.6	+20 25 21.4	56.3702	-0.6332	G56.370-0.634	56.37-0.63	Image	22 GHz;	26;38.4	36	19.3 (0.8)	59.5	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		05/91
16	20 16 15.9	+37 35 39	75.2948	1.3232	G75.295+1.323	75.3+1.32	Image	22 GHz;	-63.3;-55.8	-56.8	35.4 (1)	73.7	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR		10/91
17	20 23 27.6	+37 34 58.8	76.0920	0.1414	G76.092+0.141	76.09+0.14	Image	22 GHz;	5.3;5.6	5.5	5.7 (0.6)	5.9	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR		10/91
18	20 25 07	+34 50 5.6	74.0358	-1.7125	G74.036-1.712	74.04-1.71	Image	22 GHz;	-17.7;5.2	-3.4	11.4 (0.8)	26.8	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR		10/91
19	21 18 53.1	+55 03 19.3	95.5874	3.8973	G95.588+3.897	95.59+3.9	Image	22 GHz;	-83.7;-82.1	-82.9	6.1 (0.5)	5	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	EVOLVED		01/92
20	21 39 40.8	+51 20 34.8	95.2974	-0.9370	G95.297-0.937	95.3-0.93	Image	22 GHz;	-41.5;-38.9	-41.5	8.3 (0.9)	13.9	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	UNK		05/91
21	21 40 57.2	+50 39 53	95.0008	-1.5791	G95.002-1.578	95-1.58	Image	22 GHz;	-42.9;-42.3	-42.6	6.1 (0.7)	8.3	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR		01/92

Non-detection table from Palla et al. (1993)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	l	b	Group id	Source name	Line	Telescope	V_step	RMS	Beam	Detection	Class
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(deg.)	(deg.)			H₂O		(km/s)	(Jy)	(arcsec)	Yes/No
1	00 14 27.7	+64 28 46.3	118.9612	1.8932	G118.961+1.893	IRAS00117+6412	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR
2	01 16 48.1	+64 45 36.6	125.6330	2.0215	G125.633+2.022	IRAS01134+6429	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	EVOLVED
3	02 37 06	+59 43 33.8	135.8927	-0.4601	G135.893-0.460	IRAS02333+5930	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O	SFR
4	03 14 4.7	+58 33 08	140.6402	0.6731	G140.640+0.673	IRAS03101+5821	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR
5	03 39 15.7	+55 59 48.3	144.8880	0.4515	G144.888+0.452	IRAS03353+5550	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II -SiO	GALAXY
6	03 57 19.6	+54 10 41.3	148.0426	0.6301	G148.043+0.630	IRAS03534+5402	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O	SFR
7	03 58 19	+54 39 36.7	147.8406	1.0908	G147.841+1.091	IRAS03544+5431	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O
8	04 18 33	+53 26 1.9	150.8608	2.1884	G150.861+2.188	IRAS04145+5318	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O	UNK
9	04 51 39.7	+45 35 34	160.2625	0.8530	G160.262+0.853	IRAS04480+4530	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR
10	05 10 44.4	+47 10 44.7	161.0283	4.4236	G161.028+4.424	IRAS05070+4707	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	EVOLVED
11	05 10 59.3	+37 59 16.9	168.4724	-0.9758	G168.472-0.976	IRAS05075+3755	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O	SFR
12	05 30 21.2	+31 01 27.2	176.4666	-1.6746	G176.467-1.675	IRAS05271+3059	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED
13	06 08 40.9	+21 31 0.6	189.0317	0.7833	G189.032+0.784	IRAS06056+2131	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR
14	06 10 49.4	+12 32 42.8	197.1380	-3.1015	G197.138-3.101	IRAS06080+1233	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I	SFR
15	06 17 24.2	+14 54 42.2	195.8205	-0.5677	G195.822-0.568	IRAS06145+1455	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O	SFR_MIXED
16	06 33 31.1	+04 00 6.7	207.3246	-2.1505	G207.325-2.151	IRAS06308+0402	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	-H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR
17	06 38 27.5	+00 44 41.2	210.7878	-2.5473	G210.792-2.541	IRAS06358+0047	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O	EVOLVED
18	06 46 16.3	+00 06 16.5	212.2498	-1.1018	G212.250-1.102	IRAS06437+0009	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR
19	07 00 23.1	-04 36 37.8	218.0539	-0.1164	G218.054-0.116	IRAS06579-0432	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR
20	18 10 50.3	-17 55 52	12.4159	0.5062	G12.418+0.504	IRAS 18079-1756	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II	SFR
21	19 45 23.9	+27 50 57.8	63.5976	1.6874	G63.598+1.687	IRAS 19433+2743	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED
22	20 35 9.5	+41 13 17.7	80.3638	0.4448	G80.364+0.445	IRAS20333+4102	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	-H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II -SiO	SFR
23	20 44 52.9	+46 14 16.6	85.4103	2.1151	G85.410+2.115	IRAS20431+4603	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR
24	21 02 22.9	+50 03 6.4	90.2103	2.3237	G90.210+2.324	IRAS21007+4951	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED
25	21 04 15.4	+49 24 25.1	89.9298	1.6687	G89.930+1.669	IRAS21025+4912	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH II	SFR
26	21 17 14.7	+51 54 11.5	93.1602	1.8676	G93.160+1.868	IRAS21156+5141	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I	SFR
27	21 28 22.5	+50 29 53.3	93.4129	-0.3571	G93.413-0.357	IRAS21266+5016	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II -OH	EVOLVED
28	21 30 55.7	+55 48 49.4	97.3422	3.2452	G97.342+3.245	IRAS21293+5535	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR
29	21 38 30.4	+55 10 22	97.7032	2.0482	G97.703+2.048	IRAS21368+5456	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR_MIXED
30	21 45 10.5	+47 33 21.3	93.4923	-4.3849	G93.492-4.385	IRAS21432+4719	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O +OH	SFR
31	21 49 40.6	+55 24 49.4	99.0692	1.1990	G99.069+1.199	IRAS21479+5510	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH II	SFR
32	21 52 56.9	+56 39 51	100.2121	1.8824	G100.212+1.882	IRAS21512+5625	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I	SFR
33	21 53 38.6	+56 27 52.6	100.1622	1.6668	G100.162+1.664	IRAS21519+5613	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR
34	21 57 44.6	+58 21 06	101.7636	2.8091	G101.764+2.809	IRAS21561+5806	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O	SFR
35	22 19 09	+56 04 44.8	102.8021	-0.7223	G102.802-0.722	IRAS22172+5549	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR
36	22 19 56.2	+57 31 41.3	103.6858	0.4311	G103.686+0.431	IRAS22181+5716	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O	SFR
37	22 38 26	+58 34 14.7	106.3184	0.0565	G106.318+0.057	IRAS22365+5818	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR
38	22 53 40.5	+62 31 59.1	109.8137	2.6996	G109.814+2.700	IRAS22517+6216	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR
39	22 54 49.9	+59 52 48.5	108.7828	0.2510	G108.783+0.251	IRAS22528+5936	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	SFR
40	22 59 6.4	+59 28 27.7	109.0980	-0.3461	G109.098-0.346	IRAS22570+5912	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR
41	23 03 13.1	+61 42 26.3	110.4778	1.4806	G110.478+1.481	IRAS23011+6126	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR
42	23 05 23.1	+59 53 52.6	109.9941	-0.2828	G109.995-0.282	IRAS23032+5937	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O +CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR
43	23 05 48.9	+62 30 2.1	111.0742	2.0858	G111.075+2.086	IRAS23037+6213	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR
44	23 33 44.4	+60 50 29.8	113.6063	-0.6155	G113.606-0.616	IRAS23314+6033	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH I -CH₃OH II	SFR
45	23 53 6.2	+62 41 38.3	116.2986	0.5759	G116.299+0.576	IRAS23506+6224	22 GHz;	MED	0.33	2.000	114	+H₂O -CH₃OH II	EVOLVED

Distribution of sources in all sky (l,b)

Distribution of sources in all sky using Aladin

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Distribution of sources in IRAS color-color diagram

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Original color diagram is taken form van der Veen & Habing (1987)

Type	Description
I	Oxygen-rich non-variable stars without circumstellar shells
II	Variable stars with "young" O-rich circumstellar shells
IIIa	Variable stars with more evolved O-rich circumstellar shells
IIIb	Variable stars with thick O-rich circumstellar shells
IV	Variable stars with very thick O-rich circumstellar shells
V	Planetary nebulae and non- variable stars with very cool circumstellar shells
VIa	Variable stars with relatively cold dust at large distances; a significant part of the stars is carbon-rich
VIb	Variable stars with relatively hot dust close to the star and relatively cold dust at large distances; Some of the objects have proven to be O-rich
VII	Variable stars with more evolved C-rich circumstellar shells
VIII	Different sort of objects

Distribution of the detection velocities versus galactic longitude from PAL93

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