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FIS11 - First Interferometric Images of the 36 GHz Methanol Masers in the DR21 Complex

Interferometry data

Short title: Fish et al. (2011)
Authors: Fish, Vincent L. Muehlbrad, Talitha C. Pratap, Preethi Sjouwerman, Lorá nt O. Strelnitski, Vladimir Pihlström, Ylva M. Bourke, Tyler L.
Journal: The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 729, Issue 1, article id. 14, 7 pp. (2011).
Bibcode:

Non-detection table: Show non-detection table
Detection table: Show detection table (3 detection)
Target type: High_mass_SFR
Transitions: SiO_1-0v0,CH3OH_36(I),CH3OH_44(I),CH3OH_95(I),CH3OH_132(I),CH3OH_6(II)

Abstract
Class I methanol masers are believed to be produced in the shock-excited environment around star-forming regions. Many authors have argued that the appearance of various subsets of class I masers may be indicative of specific evolutionary stages of star formation or excitation conditions. Until recently, however, no major interferometer was capable of imaging the important 36 GHz transition. We report on Expanded Very Large Array observations of the 36 GHz methanol masers and Submillimeter Array observations of the 229 GHz methanol masers in DR21(OH), DR21N, and DR21W. The distribution of 36 GHz masers in the outflow of DR21(OH) is similar to that of the other class I methanol transitions, with numerous multitransition spatial overlaps. At the site of the main continuum source in DR21(OH), class I masers at 36 and 229 GHz are found in virtual overlap with class II 6.7 GHz masers. To the south of the outflow, the 36 GHz masers are scattered over a large region but usually do not appear coincident with 44 GHz masers. In DR21W, we detect an

Abstract

Class I methanol masers are believed to be produced in the shock-excited environment around star-forming regions. Many authors have argued that the appearance of various subsets of class I masers may be indicative of specific evolutionary stages of star formation or excitation conditions. Until recently, however, no major interferometer was capable of imaging the important 36 GHz transition. We report on Expanded Very Large Array observations of the 36 GHz methanol masers and Submillimeter Array observations of the 229 GHz methanol masers in DR21(OH), DR21N, and DR21W. The distribution of 36 GHz masers in the outflow of DR21(OH) is similar to that of the other class I methanol transitions, with numerous multitransition spatial overlaps. At the site of the main continuum source in DR21(OH), class I masers at 36 and 229 GHz are found in virtual overlap with class II 6.7 GHz masers. To the south of the outflow, the 36 GHz masers are scattered over a large region but usually do not appear coincident with 44 GHz masers. In DR21W, we detect an

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Detection table from Fish et al. (2011)

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ID	Obs. RA	Obs. Dec	RA offset	Dec offset	l	b	Group id	#	Source name	Image	Descr.	Line	V_peak	F_peak	∫F dv	Telescope	Beam	Detection	Class	Dist. (parallax)	Date
	(J2000)	(J2000)	(mas)	(mas)	(deg.)	(deg.)						CH₃OH (class I)	(km/s)	(Jy)	(Jy*km/s)		(arcsec)	Yes/No		(kpc)
1	+20 39 02	+42 25 43			81.761961	0.598115	G81.767+0.596		DR21N	Image	Descr	36 GHz (I);	-12.58 .. 6.07	0.15 .. 23.72	..	NRAOVLA	2.1 x 1.4	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH	SFR		2010 May 26
	+20 39 1.91925	+42 25 48.4596	-1210 mas	5460 mas	81.763014	0.599235		1	DR21N				6.07	0.96
	+20 39 2.21992	+42 25 44.3296	3300 mas	1330 mas	81.762666	0.597803		2	DR21N				0.76	23.72
	+20 39 2.22325	+42 25 44.3596	3350 mas	1360 mas	81.762679	0.597800		3	DR21N				5.42	0.17
	+20 39 2.33992	+42 25 46.2496	5100 mas	3250 mas	81.763314	0.597835		4	DR21N				-12.58	0.31
	+20 39 2.40059	+42 25 42.5696	6010 mas	-430 mas	81.762616	0.597065		5	DR21N				3.22	0.4
	+20 39 2.41259	+42 25 42.7396	6190 mas	-260 mas	81.762676	0.597064		6	DR21N				6.07	0.19
	+20 39 2.41592	+42 25 36.1596	6240 mas	-6840 mas	81.761231	0.595944		7	DR21N				-3.38	1.63
	+20 39 2.51525	+42 25 53.8296	7730 mas	10830 mas	81.765313	0.598687		8	DR21N				-1.31	0.28
	+20 39 2.57059	+42 25 41.8796	8560 mas	-1120 mas	81.762782	0.596533		9	DR21N				-2.61	0.28
	+20 39 2.64192	+42 25 47.4496	9630 mas	4450 mas	81.764143	0.597300		10	DR21N				-4.94	0.25
	+20 39 2.71792	+42 25 46.2896	10770 mas	3290 mas	81.764030	0.596919		11	DR21N				-5.71	0.18
	+20 39 2.73392	+42 25 39.4596	11010 mas	-3540 mas	81.762554	0.595726		12	DR21N				-4.42	0.96
	+20 39 2.75192	+42 25 40.4296	11280 mas	-2570 mas	81.762801	0.595845		13	DR21N				-4.42	0.37
	+20 39 2.77125	+42 25 38.8096	11570 mas	-4190 mas	81.762480	0.595525		14	DR21N				-4.16	0.65
	+20 39 2.83592	+42 25 51.4396	12540 mas	8440 mas	81.765386	0.597501		15	DR21N				-5.71	0.15
	+20 39 2.84992	+42 25 42.9096	12750 mas	-90 mas	81.763531	0.596025		16	DR21N				-4.42	0.31
	+20 39 2.87125	+42 25 38.8396	13070 mas	-4160 mas	81.762674	0.595285		17	DR21N				-4.03	0.6
	+20 39 2.88659	+42 25 48.9196	13300 mas	5920 mas	81.764925	0.596951		18	DR21N				-4.16	0.36
	+20 39 2.97592	+42 25 36.6096	14640 mas	-6390 mas	81.762378	0.594653		19	DR21N				-3.12	10.08
	+20 39 3.11592	+42 25 39.8596	16740 mas	-3140 mas	81.763357	0.594861		20	DR21N				-4.03	0.22
	+20 39 3.38459	+42 25 54.4696	20770 mas	11470 mas	81.767081	0.596673		21	DR21N				-5.2	6.46
2	+20 39 0.8	+42 22 48			81.721128	0.571479	G81.711+0.563		DR21(OH)	Image		36 GHz (I);	-6.53 .. 0.47	0.15 .. 30.26	..	NRAOVLA	2.1 x 1.4	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH -SiO	SFR		2010 May 26
	+20 38 59.0759	+42 22 23.04	-25860 mas	-24960 mas	81.712397	0.571475		1	DR21(OH)				-1.48	2.66
	+20 38 59.3946	+42 22 27.05	-21080 mas	-20950 mas	81.713877	0.571373		2	DR21(OH)				-6.01	0.36
	+20 38 59.5413	+42 22 17.66	-18880 mas	-30340 mas	81.712081	0.569429		3	DR21(OH)				0.47	2.67
	+20 38 59.6673	+42 22 48.75	-16990 mas	750 mas	81.719173	0.574373		4	DR21(OH)				0.47	30.26
	+20 38 59.7106	+42 22 47.32	-16340 mas	-680 mas	81.718939	0.574026		5	DR21(OH)				-1.35	1.26
	+20 38 59.8406	+42 22 11.76	-14390 mas	-36240 mas	81.711341	0.567701		6	DR21(OH)				-5.62	0.6
	+20 39 0.00525333	+42 22 49.25	-11920 mas	1250 mas	81.719916	0.573632		7	DR21(OH)				-0.05	1.31
	+20 39 0.0692533	+42 22 49.77	-10960 mas	1770 mas	81.720150	0.573563		8	DR21(OH)				-1.35	0.52
	+20 39 0.0985867	+42 22 46.28	-10520 mas	-1720 mas	81.719436	0.572902		9	DR21(OH)				-0.57	1.49
	+20 39 0.13792	+42 22 45.02	-9930 mas	-2980 mas	81.719232	0.572593		10	DR21(OH)				0.08	10.39
	+20 39 0.326587	+42 22 47.43	-7100 mas	-570 mas	81.720116	0.572539		11	DR21(OH)				-1.61	2.39
	+20 39 0.38392	+42 22 45.9	-6240 mas	-2100 mas	81.719886	0.572141		12	DR21(OH)				0.08	1.81
	+20 39 0.641253	+42 22 15.77	-2380 mas	-32230 mas	81.713724	0.566421		13	DR21(OH)				-5.49	0.82
	+20 39 0.82192	+42 22 18.53	330 mas	-29470 mas	81.714671	0.566446		14	DR21(OH)				-5.88	0.54
	+20 39 0.975253	+42 22 2.14	2630 mas	-45860 mas	81.711344	0.563303		15	DR21(OH)				-4.2	7.61
	+20 39 1.02525	+42 22 2.34	3380 mas	-45660 mas	81.711482	0.563214		16	DR21(OH)				-5.62	0.86
	+20 39 1.02992	+42 22 48.78	3450 mas	780 mas	81.721731	0.571049		17	DR21(OH)				-3.68	0.15
	+20 39 1.43459	+42 22 43.27	9520 mas	-4730 mas	81.721273	0.569129		18	DR21(OH)				-6.53	1.69
	+20 39 1.69325	+42 22 40.69	13400 mas	-7310 mas	81.721189	0.568061		19	DR21(OH)				-5.88	0.42
	+20 39 1.72925	+42 22 45.11	13940 mas	-2890 mas	81.722231	0.568720		20	DR21(OH)				-3.55	0.5
	+20 39 1.83192	+42 22 44.13	15480 mas	-3870 mas	81.722207	0.568304		21	DR21(OH)				-4.71	0.85
	+20 39 1.83259	+42 22 43.93	15490 mas	-4070 mas	81.722164	0.568268		22	DR21(OH)				-4.97	0.54
	+20 39 1.83592	+42 22 42.39	15540 mas	-5610 mas	81.721831	0.568000		23	DR21(OH)				-3.68	0.46
3	+20 38 55	+42 19 22			81.664839	0.55086	G81.711+0.563		DR21W	Image	Descr	36 GHz (I);	-5.54 .. -2.31	0.3 .. 82.29	..	NRAOVLA	2.1 x 1.4	+H₂O +CH₃OH I +CH₃OH II +OH -SiO	SFR		2010 May 26
	+20 38 54.3621	+42 19 3.5508	-9570 mas	-18450 mas	81.659575	0.549304		1	DR21W				-4.9	0.3
	+20 38 54.4614	+42 19 9.3708	-8080 mas	-12630 mas	81.661044	0.550044		2	DR21W				-5.54	0.43
	+20 38 54.4814	+42 19 8.7708	-7780 mas	-13230 mas	81.660950	0.549894		3	DR21W				-2.31	0.93
	+20 38 54.8561	+42 19 22.6908	-2160 mas	690 mas	81.664721	0.551328		4	DR21W				-2.44	24.6
	+20 38 54.9194	+42 19 20.6008	-1210 mas	-1400 mas	81.664379	0.550821		5	DR21W				-2.44	82.29

Distribution of sources in all sky (l,b)

Distribution of sources in all sky using Aladin

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Distribution of sources in IRAS color-color diagram

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Original color diagram is taken form van der Veen & Habing (1987)

Type	Description
I	Oxygen-rich non-variable stars without circumstellar shells
II	Variable stars with "young" O-rich circumstellar shells
IIIa	Variable stars with more evolved O-rich circumstellar shells
IIIb	Variable stars with thick O-rich circumstellar shells
IV	Variable stars with very thick O-rich circumstellar shells
V	Planetary nebulae and non- variable stars with very cool circumstellar shells
VIa	Variable stars with relatively cold dust at large distances; a significant part of the stars is carbon-rich
VIb	Variable stars with relatively hot dust close to the star and relatively cold dust at large distances; Some of the objects have proven to be O-rich
VII	Variable stars with more evolved C-rich circumstellar shells
VIII	Different sort of objects

Distribution of the detection velocities versus galactic longitude from FIS11

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